Hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide as engine oil additives for tribological behavior improvement

Sakinah Hisham; Kumaran Kadirgama; Hussein A. Mohammed; Amit Kumar; Devarajan Ramasamy; Mahendran Samykano; Saidur Rahman

doi:10.3390/molecules25132975

Hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide as engine oil additives for tribological behavior improvement

Sakinah Hisham
, Kumaran Kadirgama
, Hussein A. Mohammed^*
, Amit Kumar
, Devarajan Ramasamy
, Mahendran Samykano
, Saidur Rahman

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Friction and wear are the main factors in the failure of the piston in automobile engines. The objective of this work was to improve the tribological behaviour and lubricant properties using hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles blended with SAE 40 as a base fluid. The two-step method was used in the hybrid nanofluid preparation. Three different concentrations were prepared in a range of 0.1% to 0.5%. Kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were also identified. The friction and wear behavior were evaluated using a tribometer based on ASTM G181. The CNC-CuO nano lubricant shows a significant improvement in term of viscosity index by 44.3-47.12% while for friction, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 1.5%, respectively, during high and low-speed loads (boundary regime), and 30.95% during a high-speed, and low load (mixed regime). The wear morphologies results also show that a smoother surface was obtained after using CNC-CuO nano lubricant compared to SAE 40.

Original language	English
Article number	2975
Journal	Molecules
Volume	25
Issue number	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25132975
State	Published - Jul 2020
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Keywords

Cellulose nanocrystal
Copper (II) oxide
Friction
Wear

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Molecular Medicine
Pharmaceutical Science
Drug Discovery
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

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title = "Hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide as engine oil additives for tribological behavior improvement",

abstract = "Friction and wear are the main factors in the failure of the piston in automobile engines. The objective of this work was to improve the tribological behaviour and lubricant properties using hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles blended with SAE 40 as a base fluid. The two-step method was used in the hybrid nanofluid preparation. Three different concentrations were prepared in a range of 0.1\% to 0.5\%. Kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were also identified. The friction and wear behavior were evaluated using a tribometer based on ASTM G181. The CNC-CuO nano lubricant shows a significant improvement in term of viscosity index by 44.3-47.12\% while for friction, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 1.5\%, respectively, during high and low-speed loads (boundary regime), and 30.95\% during a high-speed, and low load (mixed regime). The wear morphologies results also show that a smoother surface was obtained after using CNC-CuO nano lubricant compared to SAE 40.",

keywords = "Cellulose nanocrystal, Copper (II) oxide, Friction, Wear",

author = "Sakinah Hisham and Kumaran Kadirgama and Mohammed, \{Hussein A.\} and Amit Kumar and Devarajan Ramasamy and Mahendran Samykano and Saidur Rahman",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",

year = "2020",

month = jul,

doi = "10.3390/molecules25132975",

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journal = "Molecules",

issn = "1420-3049",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide as engine oil additives for tribological behavior improvement

AU - Hisham, Sakinah

AU - Kadirgama, Kumaran

AU - Mohammed, Hussein A.

AU - Kumar, Amit

AU - Ramasamy, Devarajan

AU - Samykano, Mahendran

AU - Rahman, Saidur

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PY - 2020/7

Y1 - 2020/7

N2 - Friction and wear are the main factors in the failure of the piston in automobile engines. The objective of this work was to improve the tribological behaviour and lubricant properties using hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles blended with SAE 40 as a base fluid. The two-step method was used in the hybrid nanofluid preparation. Three different concentrations were prepared in a range of 0.1% to 0.5%. Kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were also identified. The friction and wear behavior were evaluated using a tribometer based on ASTM G181. The CNC-CuO nano lubricant shows a significant improvement in term of viscosity index by 44.3-47.12% while for friction, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 1.5%, respectively, during high and low-speed loads (boundary regime), and 30.95% during a high-speed, and low load (mixed regime). The wear morphologies results also show that a smoother surface was obtained after using CNC-CuO nano lubricant compared to SAE 40.

AB - Friction and wear are the main factors in the failure of the piston in automobile engines. The objective of this work was to improve the tribological behaviour and lubricant properties using hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles blended with SAE 40 as a base fluid. The two-step method was used in the hybrid nanofluid preparation. Three different concentrations were prepared in a range of 0.1% to 0.5%. Kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were also identified. The friction and wear behavior were evaluated using a tribometer based on ASTM G181. The CNC-CuO nano lubricant shows a significant improvement in term of viscosity index by 44.3-47.12% while for friction, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 1.5%, respectively, during high and low-speed loads (boundary regime), and 30.95% during a high-speed, and low load (mixed regime). The wear morphologies results also show that a smoother surface was obtained after using CNC-CuO nano lubricant compared to SAE 40.

KW - Cellulose nanocrystal

KW - Copper (II) oxide

KW - Friction

KW - Wear

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85087409274

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DO - 10.3390/molecules25132975

M3 - Article

C2 - 32605301

AN - SCOPUS:85087409274

SN - 1420-3049

VL - 25

JO - Molecules

JF - Molecules

IS - 13

M1 - 2975

ER -

Hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide as engine oil additives for tribological behavior improvement

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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