Hollow Fiber Membrane-Protected Zinc Oxide-Coated Multifiber Solid-Phase Microextraction of Sulfur Compounds in Gas Condensate Samples

Sulfur compounds present in petroleum gas condensate pose significant environmental hazards and cause severe corrosion in automotive engines, necessitating their accurate quantification and efficient removal for clean fuel production. This study introduces an innovative analytical approach utilizing hollow fiber membrane-protected zinc oxide-coated multifiber solid-phase microextraction (HFM-MF-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the selective determination of benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and 4,6-dimethylbenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) in gas condensate matrices. The novel extraction system integrates zinc oxide nanoparticles as the active coating material with polypropylene hollow fiber membrane protection, creating a robust and reusable extraction platform. Comprehensive optimization studies revealed optimal extraction conditions: 10 min extraction time, 10 min ultrasonication, and acetone as the desorption solvent. Under these optimized conditions, the developed method demonstrated exceptional analytical performance, with relative standard deviations (%RSDs) ranging from 3.7 to 12.6%, limits of detection between 0.14 and 0.32 µg mL⁻¹, and limits of quantification of 0.43–0.97 µg mL⁻¹. The hollow fiber membrane protection mechanism effectively prevents fiber contamination and matrix interference, enabling multiple extraction cycles and cross-matrix applications. This environmentally friendly, cost-effective methodology offers significant advantages, including simplified sample preparation, enhanced selectivity, excellent reproducibility, and extended fiber lifetime, positioning it as a promising analytical tool for routine sulfur compound analysis in complex petroleum matrices and environmental monitoring applications.