High-performance insulation retrofits for improved energy and thermal comfort in hot, humid climates

Purpose – Improving thermal performance in residential buildings in hot, humid climates is crucial for reducing energy consumption and enhancing occupant comfort. This study aims to examine high-performance insulation materials (HPIMs), particularly aerogel and vacuum insulation panels, as retrofit solutions for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach – Using the dynamic energy modeling program DesignBuilder, the research incorporates local climate data and zone-specific comfort analysis to investigate building insulation performance metrics, including air temperature, mean radiant temperature and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD). Findings – The results indicate that HPIMs can reduce annual cooling energy consumption by up to 19.9%, decrease mean radiant temperature by 3.52 °C and maintain the PPD below 10% in critical zones. A validation study, which compared actual energy bills with simulation results, corroborates the model's accuracy. Originality/value – The findings highlight the potential of HPIMs to mitigate environmental impact and enable thermally resilient, occupant-centered building strategies. This study provides a framework for integrating HPIMs into retrofitting projects in hot climates, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 11 to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable while promoting thermally resilient building strategies.