Greenhead: Virtual data center embedding across distributed infrastructures

Cloud computing promises to provide on-demand computing, storage, and networking resources. However, most cloud providers simply offer virtual machines (VMs) without bandwidth and delay guarantees, which may hurt the performance of the deployed services. Recently, some proposals suggested remediating such limitation by offering virtual data centers (VDCs) instead of VMs only. However, they have only considered the case where VDCs are embedded within a single data center. In practice, infrastructure providers should have the ability to provision requested VDCs across their distributed infrastructure to achieve multiple goals including revenue maximization, operational costs reduction, energy efficiency, and green IT, or to simply satisfy geographic location constraints of the VDCs. In this paper, we propose Greenhead, a holistic resource management framework for embedding VDCs across geographically distributed data centers connected through a backbone network. The goal of Greenhead is to maximize the cloud provider's revenue while ensuring that the infrastructure is as environment-friendly as possible. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal, we conducted extensive simulations of four data centers connected through the NSFNet topology. Results show that Greenhead improves requests' acceptance ratio and revenue by up to 40 percent while ensuring high usage of renewable energy and minimal carbon footprint.