Greener hydrogen production and storage revolution towards a low-carbon future: an overview of current scenarios and future prospects

As the global community is shifting in the direction of a sustainable, low-carbon future, hydrogen energy remains vital to achieve net zero productions in future. Technological advancements and escalating threat of climate change have heightened interest in hydrogen for decarbonization of the energy system. Hydrogen that is generated from renewable energy sources is recognized as green hydrogen, and it stands an environmentally friendly and long-term viable energy option. As compared to more conventional ways of producing hydrogen, green hydrogen produces far less carbon emissions. In this paper, we will look at the present state of large-scale green hydrogen storage and transportation technologies. We will cover things like current global projects and policy directions, various storage and transportation methods (such as liquid hydrogen, compressed hydrogen storage, blending hydrogen into natural gas pipelines, and ammonia as green hydrogen carrier), and the economic factors that affect the feasibility of such systems. Our research shows that there are several important things to know about the price, difficulties, and possible improvements of green hydrogen storage and transportation. Due to technological developments and economies of scale, our analysis shows that the cost of storing and transporting green hydrogen is expected to decrease over time. Storage solutions, transit options, efficiency improvements, and technology adoption are all obstacles to this technology's development. To illustrate this point, we found that using salt caves to store hydrogen requires comprehensive technical and economic analyses. The effectiveness of transporting and storing hydrogen through preexisting infrastructure, including pipelines for natural gas and storage tanks. The goal of our research is to shed light on these elements so that future efforts can be directed towards creating a green hydrogen industry that is both sustainable and economically feasible.