Green fabrication of γ- Al₂O₃ bionanomaterials using Coriandrum sativum plant extract and its photocatalytic and antibacterial activity

Water contamination presents a pressing concern, particularly in emerging and struggling nations. Addressing this challenge, photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants emerges as a potent strategy for environmental preservation. This research introduces an innovative, environmentally benign synthesis method for green fabricated γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, harnessing Coriandrum sativum plant extract. Optical analysis through UV and visible absorbance unveils distinct Al³⁺ transitions, validating a 4.6 eV bandgap. Structural investigation via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals cubic crystalline structures with spherical morphology, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) elucidate nanoparticle-surface interactions and the aggregation of plant-derived molecules. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) explores aluminum valence states on oxygen surfaces, illuminating reaction mechanisms, bonding, and binding energies. Green fabricated γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibit robust efficacy against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Under UV irradiation, the nanoparticles effectively degrade malachite green (MG) dye, conforming to pseudo-first-order kinetics, accomplishing an impressive 94 % degradation efficiency for the toxic organic dye, facilitated by plant bio-molecule-induced light absorption and recombination of charged particles. This process influences catalytic potential, minimizing unwanted yield and promoting robust electron activity. The green fabricated γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibit outstanding antibacterial susceptibility and catalytic performance against industrial dye pollutants, might find their applications in sustainable practices and biological innovation, thereby holding significant promise for advancing environmental stewardship and technological progress.