Graphene-supported electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution: Advances and applications

Developing hydrogen energy is an important direction in the future. Industrialized scale electrolysis of water for hydrogen production requires the use of low-cost hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst materials to reduce its overpotential. Graphene has shown broad application prospects in hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst materials due to its extensive specific surface site, outstanding conductivity, strong structural integrity, adjustable electronic structure, and easy modification of structure and surface state. Its electrocatalytic performance has been enhanced through metal and non-metal doping, surface and defect engineering, as well as by the development of hybrid materials. The present paper reviews recent advances (from 2018 onwards) in the development of graphene-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and overall water splitting. It highlights strategies for optimizing electrocatalytic properties, followed by a discussion of current challenges and future prospects. This review presents key concepts and strategies for designing high-performance graphene-based electrocatalysts suitable for sustainable energy applications.