Graphene oxide and polyvinylpyrrolidone doped mixed-phase copper tungstate for dye decolorization and S. aureus inactivation with molecular docking and DFT study

Mixed-phase copper tungstate (mp-CW) and graphene oxide/polyvinylpyrrolidone (GO/PVP)- doped mp-CW were effectively synthesized via co-precipitation. The study aims to control particle agglomeration and structural growth through with the addition of polymer , while enhancing charge-transfer efficiency via GO to boost dye degradation performance, bactericidal efficacy, and inhibition of DNA gyrase in Staphylococcus aureus . Degradation was evaluated through catalytic activity in the absence of light with reducing agent sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). Significant degradation was observed in acidic (98.28 %), basic (99.14 %), and neutral (99.89 %) media. Inhibition zones were calculated using agar well diffusion method against S. aureus . The relative inhibition index (%) for inactivation of bacteria was calculated as 77.34 and 94.09 % at low and high concentrations. Moreover, GO/PVP-doped mp-CW exhibits bactericidal activity and demonstrates inhibitory effects on tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and inhibitory effects against DNA gyrase in S. aureus , as confirmed using molecular docking.