Graphene and graphene composites-modified electrodes surfaces for selective sensing of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid

Graphene is the thinnest two-dimensional sp² planner material, which has a honeycomb-like structure. The carbon nanomaterial family, previously, consists of 0-dimensional fullerene material, 1-D CNTs nanomaterial, and 3-D graphite material, and the gap of 2-D is filled by the most efficient graphene material. The two-dimensional graphene is displaying superior electrochemical behavior compared to other carbon-based materials. Graphene is incessantly being explored in the field of electrochemistry due to its facile synthesis, fast charge transfer, wide potential window, and huge electroactive surface area. It is proving to be a revolutionary material in the fabrication of electro-chemical sensors. Graphene and graphene composite-modified electrodes were extensively used in the sensing of dopamine. Graphene-based sensors provide a platform to resolve the issue of overlapping of AA, DA, and UA due to their close electro-oxidation potential. In this book chapter, the graphene and graphene composite-modified electrodes were discussed for the sensing of dopamine. This chapter will help to understand the progress and future challenges of graphene-modified electrodes for the recognition of dopamine.