Gold nanozyme: Biosensing and therapeutic activities

The utilization of AuNPs in therapeutic applications has been accelerated by discovering their catalytic activity consistent with the activity of natural enzymes. However, to reduce unwanted activities, it is imperative to fully understand their catalytic mechanisms to increase efficiency and safety. Therefore, along with other reports, we aimed to classify the enzymatic activity of Au nanozymes based on recent advance in their applications in biosensing and therapeutic activities. The results of the reported experiments indicate that the Au nanozymes can be used in biosensing of a wide range of agents such as molecule (H₂O₂ and glucose), ions, nucleic acids, proteins, cells, and pathogens. Furthermore, they can be used as potential candidates in inhibition of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer therapy, and antibacterial activities. Biosensing and therapeutic activities are generally based on colorimetric assays and the controlling the ROS level in the targeted cells, respectively. Finally, a brief explanation of the current challenges of the Au nanozymes in biomedical approaches was discussed. Indeed, this review holds a great promise in understanding the Au nanozymes properties and their development in biotechnology, medicine, and related industries.