Fundamentals of polymer and biopolymer nanocomposites

Polymer and biopolymer nanocomposites were found useful in a wide range of applications. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental principles underlying the design, fabrication, and characterization of various nanocomposite materials, highlighting their structure-property relationships. Emphasis is given to describe the role of nanofillers such as clays, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxides in enhancing the performance of nanocomposites through improved mechanical, thermal, electrical, and barrier properties. Different fabrication and processing techniques are discussed with strategies for achieving uniform dispersion of nanofillers within the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the chapter explores the diverse applications of polymer and biopolymer nanocomposites across various industries, including packaging, automotive, aerospace, biomedical, water purification, and electronics. Finally, future perspectives and challenges in the field are discussed, providing insights into emerging trends and opportunities for further research and development. Overall, this chapter serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the fundamentals of polymer and biopolymer nanocomposites and their impact on advancing materials science and technology.