Functionalized black phosphorous-based polymer nanocomposites

Black phosphorus (BP) has been studied extensively as a recently developed mono-elemental nanomaterial due to its intriguing physical properties, which include a layer-based tunable band gap, elevated carriers' movement, outstanding mechanical resistance, and unique in-plane anisotropic optical, thermal, and vibrational properties. As a novel two-dimensional (2D) BP may be skinned into nanosheets. Due to its 2D shape, inherent high strength, and remarkable electrical capabilities, black phosphorene, like 2D graphene, delivered an ability to be employed as nano additives to enrich diverse applications. Nevertheless, the unsteadiness induced by chemical deterioration of its surface has made future uses difficult. To address this issue, a targeted BP/polymers (BP/P′) strategy was recently designed and applied, resulting in the development of BP/P′ with improved stability as well as remarkable thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical characteristics. Many efforts have recently been made to stabilize BP in the air to increase its compatibility with polymers. In this chapter, we discussed the synthesis methods, chemical functionalization, and key characters of BP/P′, after that a comprehensive area of their diverse purposes, which include optoelectronics, biomedicine, flame retardancy, energy storage, catalysis, mechanical, and thermal properties. The primary methodologies for chemical modifications of 2D BP with diverse organic and inorganic stuff as extremely stable and multifunctional polymer nanocomposites, as well as its recent advancements in the area of energy and catalysis, are also discussed. Conclusively, the potential problems and future directions of BP were emphasized and explored in accordance with the present developments.