Fully Air-Bladed High-Efficiency Perovskite Photovoltaics

Perovskite photovoltaics has achieved rapid development largely due to the spin-coating technique with antisolvent steps at laboratory scale. However, the spin-coating/antisolvent technique limits the device dimension due to film uniformity issues. Up to now, it has been challenging to obtain perovskite devices with high efficiency (e.g., >20%) using scalable methods without antisolvent steps. Herein, an air-blading process is demonstrated to assemble the entire perovskite devices completely free from the spin-coating techniques. This method can coat perovskite precursor on substrates and simultaneously induce nucleation in perovskite intermediate films without any antisolvent steps, leading to highly uniform films. The fully air-bladed perovskite photovoltaics shows the best efficiency (reverse scanning) of >20% for 0.09 cm ² illumination-exposure area and the best efficiency of >19% for 1.0 cm ² illumination-exposure area with high reproducibility (stabilized efficiencies are 19.3% and 18.2%, respectively). Such an air-blading process offers a wide processing window for versatile high-performance perovskite optoelectronics toward large-scale production. Spin-coating/antisolvent techniques are widely used to deposit perovskite films for high-performance solar cells at laboratory scale. However, the spin-coating/antisolvent methods are not suitable for scalable device fabrication. Herein, we demonstrate an air-blading process to prepare entire perovskite solar cells without using any spin-coating/antisolvent steps and investigate the formation mechanism of high-quality perovskite film. High efficiencies of 20.08% and 19.12% were achieved for the fully air-bladed perovskite solar cells with illumination-exposure areas of 0.09 cm ² and 1.0 cm ² , respectively, suggesting that the air-blading technique offers great opportunities for the practical fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics. Hu and co-workers report a scalable air-blading process to fabricate efficient perovskite photovoltaics completely free from spin-coating/antisolvent steps. For perovskite film deposition, the air-blading technique could simultaneously coat the precursor solution and induce the formation of uniform perovskite intermediate phase without the use of antisolvent, resulting in high-quality perovskite films. Fully air-bladed perovskite solar cells demonstrate the best efficiency of >19% for an illumination area of 1.0 cm ² .