Frequency Regulation in Interconnected Power System Through Enhanced Beluga Whale Optimized Flatness-Based Active Disturbance Rejection Control

Ever-increasing dynamic surges in renewable-based electric power systems, notably wind and photovoltaic farms bring adverse impacts and challenges in terms of reliability and stability. The intermittency of renewable sources imposes significant deviations in frequency due to variations in demand. Wind power induces instability in the grid due to its vulnerable nature, and reduction in system inertia. To mitigate these dynamics issues, an optimal control technique based on flatness-based Active disturbance rejection control (FADRC) and utilizing an enhanced Beluga Whale optimization algorithm (EBWO) for a multi-area interconnected power system with photovoltaic generation. The proposed LFC model addresses the load perturbation and the deviation of tie-line power, with system uncertainties considered as lumped disturbances that are approximated by extended state observers. To achieve optimal performance, the Enhanced Beluga Whale optimization algorithm is adopted and integrated with the suggested controller to fine-tune the controller. To validate the formidable performance of the suggested scheme, different cases have been studied with the existing approaches. The simulation results reveal the supremacy and robustness of the dynamic response of the Flatness-based active disturbance rejection control as compared to other approaches under load variations and parameter uncertainty.