Frequency and Voltage Stabilization of Multiarea Hybrid Power System by Considering the Impact of Communication Time Delay

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) with conventional sources plays a vital role in global energy systems. With the integration of RES, frequency and voltage variations are the major issues, which degrade system performance. In this study, an optimal controller is designed to mitigate these frequency and voltage variations by considering the effect of communication time delays in the multisource two-area power system. Area-1 comprises conventional generation units (i.e., thermal, hydro, and gas) whereas area-2 comprises wind, solar, and diesel power plants. Frequency oscillations are mitigated by a load frequency control loop and variations in terminal voltage are regulated by an automatic voltage regulation loop. To enhance the system response, redox flow batteries, and interline power flow controllers are integrated in the system. Moreover, physical constraints, i.e., generation rate constraint is accounted in reheat thermal and hydropower plants. The proposed sine cosine algorithm tuned Proportional Integral Derivative controller ensures that variations of frequencies, terminal voltages, and exchange of tie-line power will remain within tolerance limits. The system response on random loading is evaluated and a comparison is done with state-of-the-art controllers. As a result, the proposed controller provides better performance by minimizing the fluctuations of frequency and voltages.