Fractional spin excitations and conductance in the spiral-staircase Heisenberg ladder

We investigate theoretically the spiral-staircase Heisenberg spin-1/2 ladder in the presence of antiferromagnetic long-range spin interactions and a uniform magnetic field. As a special case we also consider the Kondo necklace model. If the magnetizations of the two chains forming the ladder satisfy a certain resonance condition, involving interchain couplings as perturbations, the system is in a partially gapped magnetic phase hosting excitations characterized by fractional spins, whose values can be changed by the magnetic field. We show that these fractional spin excitations can be probed via the magnetization and by spin currents in a transport setup with a spin conductance that reveals the fractionalized spin. In some special cases, the spin conductance reaches universal values. We obtain our results analytically via bosonization techniques as well as numerically via density matrix renormalization group methods and find remarkable agreement between the two approaches.