Fixed-bed adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution on polyethyleneimine-impregnated palm shell activated carbon

Fixed-bed adsorption studies with virgin and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-impregnated palm shell activated carbon (AC) as a media for the removal of single Ni²⁺ or Cu²⁺ ions from aqueous solution were conducted. The studies were conducted in a vertical down flow Perspex column with influent pH at 5 with either Ni²⁺ or Cu²⁺ had an influent concentration of 1 mmol/L. The adsorption data were fitted to three-well-established fixed-bed adsorption models, namely, bed-depth-service-time (BDST), Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. It was observed that PEI impregnation at 8.41 wt% had increased the breakthrough volume and service time of AC by factors of 2.1 (Cu²⁺) and 1.6 (Ni²⁺) as compared to virgin AC. For Cu²⁺ adsorption, the modelled BDST, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson curves were in very good agreement with the experimental curves while it was conversely true for Ni²⁺ adsorption.