Fixation of carbon dioxide to aryl/aromatic carboxylic acids

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a major greenhouse gas and its emission has continuously increased due to anthropogenic activities. The copious amount of CO₂ is available at present and considered as one of the easily reachable carbon source on earth. The consumption of non-renewable resources or fossil fuels leads to the serious increment of CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere. Discovering green and sustainable energy assets and formulating an effectual approach for utilization of CO₂ by sequestration are inevitably prerequisite. An exceptionally judicious technology/method would be necessary for less emission and spot capturing process of anthropogenic CO₂ emanation. The capture and conversion of CO₂ to value added products (chemicals, pharmaceuticals compounds, and materials) offers a win-win situation to diminish both the CO₂ level on the earth as well as the effective utilization of carbon sources. Among several commodity chemicals, the carboxylations of CO₂ to aromatic/aryl carboxylic acids are always attractive as these are the vital compounds for the synthesis of several biologically active molecules, polymers and natural products. With keeping in mind the CO₂ capture and its sequestration to the various aromatic/aryl carboxylic acids, in this exhaustive review we have depicted various important contents like base mediated catalyst, metal based catalyst, electrochemically, photochemically, enzymatically, and new emerging field of porous catalyst such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in a homogeneous and heterogeneous manner. Furthermore, each content is explicitly elaborated with various catalytic system along with the mechanism, based on the thorough literature survey.