Finite element modeling of dual convection in a Y shaped porous cavity containing viscus fluid

This communication analyzes the dual convection regime of Newtonian fluid flow in a Y shaped porous enclosure with heat and mass distribution, using a mathematical model of dimensionless PDEs and an effective finite element method. The top curved wall of the enclosure is assumed hot and side walls are cold while the bottom wall is assumed adiabatic. The problem is discretized using (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) finite element methods to approximate the displacement, pressure, and velocity. The linearized system of equations is solved using Newton’s iterative scheme. The study evaluates the impact of key parameters such as the Hartmann number, Lewis number, Rayleigh number, and buoyancy ratio on the flow, heat transfer rate, and mass transfer rate. Results indicate that an increase in the Hartmann number, Rayleigh numbers and buoyancy ratio amplifies both mass and heat transfer rates. The buoyancy ratio has a noteworthy impact on the flow and transfer rates, with a greater influence seen for. The study presents graphical representations of flow and temperature fields, as well as Nusselt and Sherwood numbers provide a comprehensive visualization of the results. Heat and mass transfer rate is minimum for concentration dominated counter flow ((Formula presented.)) and maximum for concentration dominated assisting flow (Formula presented.).