Fe₃O₄-Ag nanocomposites for optical limiting: Broad temporal response and low threshold

We report the observation of optical limiting in Fe₃O ₄-Ag nanocomposites in solution, With these nanocomposites, we demonstrate that broad temporal optical limiting can be accomplished with low limiting threshold. Due to the presence of Ag nanoparticles, nonlinear scattering gives rise to enhanced optical limiting responses to 532-nm nanosecond laser pulses, with a limiting threshold comparable to carbon nanotubes. As exposed to 780-nm femtosecond laser pulses, the largest value (∼10^-44 cm⁴s photon^-1 or 10⁶ GM) for two-photon absorption cross-sections reported to date results in superior limiting responses with a limiting threshold as low as 0.04 J/cm² or 100 GW/cm² for Fe₃O₄-Ag (7nm) solution in 1 cm quartz cell, The limiting threshold can be further reduced by increasing Ag particle size through plasmon enhancement or taking advantage of self-defocusing.