Feasibility of Waste Fat Chicken Biodiesel–Diesel Blend in Modern Common-Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) Turbocharged Diesel Engine: A Potential Study of Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is facing extreme gas emissions challenges in the energy and transport sector. So, it is always preferred to use fuels that should be derived from waste to energy resources that are available abundantly without harmful environmental emissions. This experimental study uses neat diesel, and waste fat chicken oil blends to investigate the performance and emissions parameters in high-pressure common-rail multi-cylinder diesel engines. The tested fuel blends are prepared with the ratios of 10% biodiesel–diesel 90% (DB10), 15% biodiesel–diesel 85% (DB15), and 20% biodiesel–diesel 80% (DB20). The experimental results showed that, at 2000 rpm, torque and brake power produced by DB10 is 7.93% and 6.1% greater than the other diesel fuel due to its high heating value and density. The decrease in CO (16.66%), CO₂ (10.79%), and HC (10.79%) emissions of DB10 compared to other diesel fuels was due to better ignition quality, higher oxygen content, and proper combustion. DB10 showed a slight increase in NOx emission (0.39%) compared to DF. Therefore, it is concluded from the performance and emission results that the DB10 is the most suitable alternative fuel compared to diesel, DB15, and DB20, and it can be used in the KSA without any modification in diesel engines.