Fabrication strategies for functionalized nanomaterials

Functional materials are a group of engineered and advanced materials designed and synthesized for some specific function with proper surface morphology and tailored properties. We present a comprehensive overview of the recent research and development of functional materials. The challenges and research opportunities in the fabrication process of materials, and the functional fabrics selection are discussed. Decisions are required in the selection of materials such as polymers as organic components and SiO₂, Fe₃O₄ as inorganic components of functionalized nanomaterials. Furthermore, manufacturing processes in terms of self-assembly, wrapping, grafting from, grafting onto, and one-pot synthesis are discussed in detail. In addition, the characterization, followed by modeling and analysis of functional materials are described with the importance of searching and identifying the relationship in fundamental structural properties. Challenges in the fabrication process of functional materials are addressed in their future prospects in different technical and scientific fields.