Fabrication Methods for Perovskite Solar Cells

The preparation route significantly influences the morphology and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). As a result, it is essential to establish a practical preparation strategy that will facilitate the integration of this technology into the industrial sector. Lab-scale solution processing techniques, preferred for their simplicity of fabrication, produce the most effective optoelectronic devices currently available. Thermal evaporation, as a solvent-free approach, has been extensively used in a diverse array of industrial applications and can be extended to the fabrication of PSCs. While most research papers focus on solution processing as the method for depositing PSCs, there is more and more evidence that thermally evaporated PSCs are working just as well, with some studies reporting efficiencies of over 20%. This chapter systematically explores the most recent advances, comparisons, and impending perspectives of a diverse array of deposition techniques for perovskite photovoltaics. We scrutinize a broad spectrum of techniques, encompassing both physical and solution-based methods, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), spray coating, slot-die coating, inkjet printing, screen printing, and blade coating, utilized in the production of PSCs. Furthermore, we conduct a rational analysis of each method's potential strategies and drawbacks to provide valuable recommendations for the successful implementation of large-scale PSCs.