Extended l-band inas/inp quantum-dash laser in millimeter-wave applications

Amr M. Ragheb; Qazi Tareq; Emad Alkhazraji; Maged A. Esmail; Saleh Alshebeili; Mohammed Zahed Mustafa Khan

doi:10.3390/photonics8050167

Extended l-band inas/inp quantum-dash laser in millimeter-wave applications

Amr M. Ragheb, Qazi Tareq, Emad Alkhazraji, Maged A. Esmail, Saleh Alshebeili, Mohammed Zahed Mustafa Khan^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report on the generation and transmission of a millimeter-wave (MMW) signal with a frequency of 28 GHz by employing an InAs/InP quantum-dash dual-wavelength laser diode (QD-DWL) emitting in the ~1610 nm extended L-band window. The self-injection locking (SIL) technique has been engaged to improve the linewidth and reduce the noise of the optical tone. Besides, the transmission of a 2 Gbits/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)-modulated 28-GHz MMW beat tone over a hybrid 20-km radio-over-fiber combined with 5-m radio-over-free-space-optics and up to 6-m radio frequency wireless link has been demonstrated. Moreover, comparing the proposed QD-DWL with a commercial laser showcased similar performance characteristics, making the QD-DWL a candidate source for MMW applications.

Original language	English
Article number	167
Journal	Photonics
Volume	8
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050167
State	Published - May 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: Q.T. and M.Z.M.K. acknowledge the support from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals through grant SB191036. A.M.R. and S.A. thank the National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (award number: 2-17-02-001-0009). M.A.E. acknowledges the support from Prince Sultan University.

Funding Information:
TAhe1p6r1e0snenmt wexoterkn dreedlieLd-boann da SsiInLgQleD lo-DckWedL mwaosdpe roofp aosQedD-aLnDd, doebmtaoinnsetdr avteiad afnorStIhLe-assisting scheme and consequently realized a dual-wavelength laser source via DWG. Unfortunately, the output power of the QD-DWL was limited by the insertion losses of various components besides a high SMF butt-coupling loss. Furthermore, owing to the inferior performance of several optical components at ~1610 nm, in particular EDFA, the system power budget was affected, thereby limiting the sub-link lengths of WL, hybrid-WL, and hybrid-FSO transmission channel configurations. Nevertheless, as a proof of concept, the maximum possible lengths were selected for all channel configurations, demonstrating error-free transmission. In the future, high-power QD-DWLs could be realized by exploiting dual-mode SIL and customized tunable fiber Bragg gratings, thus negating the use of optical components in Figure 1, including a DWG, rendering the source to be compact, simple, and cost-effective. The investigation of this source as a potential MMW optical source would further strengthen the prospects of QD-LDs in MMW applications Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.M.R. and M.Z.M.K.; methodology, M.A.E. and E.A.; wherein field-trial demonstrations with outdoor FSO links and WL channels could be in-experiment, A.M.R., Q.T., E.A. and M.A.E.; validation, A.M.R., M.A.E., Q.T. and M.Z.M.K.; inves- vestigated, providing valuable information on environmental effects on the system per-tigation, A.M.R., Q.T., S.A. and M.Z.M.K.; writing—original draft preparation, Q.T. and M.Z.M.K.; formance. Lastly, demonstrating a high-quality multiwavelength QD-LD source in the L-band employing injection locking [17] or mode-locking as those reported in the C-band [13,19] could provide a paradigm shift by eliminating several optical MMW laser sources in RoF-WDM systems, similar to recent demonstrations in the typical optical fiber-based Funding: This research was funded by King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, grant WDM system employing a mode-locked QD-LD at 1550 nm [27]. In this case, a standalone number SB191036, and National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King multiwavelength source could provide the required several dual optical carriers for the Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, grant number 2-17-02-001-0009. realization of MMW beat-tone carriers at different channels in RoF-WDM-PON operating in the mid-and extended L-band wavelength window. This would be a step towards energy-efficient next-generation flexible heterogeneous optical networks.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

L-band wavelength region
Millimeter waves
Quantum-dash lasers
Radio-over-fiber

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Instrumentation
Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

Access to Document

10.3390/photonics8050167

Cite this

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title = "Extended l-band inas/inp quantum-dash laser in millimeter-wave applications",

abstract = "We report on the generation and transmission of a millimeter-wave (MMW) signal with a frequency of 28 GHz by employing an InAs/InP quantum-dash dual-wavelength laser diode (QD-DWL) emitting in the ~1610 nm extended L-band window. The self-injection locking (SIL) technique has been engaged to improve the linewidth and reduce the noise of the optical tone. Besides, the transmission of a 2 Gbits/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)-modulated 28-GHz MMW beat tone over a hybrid 20-km radio-over-fiber combined with 5-m radio-over-free-space-optics and up to 6-m radio frequency wireless link has been demonstrated. Moreover, comparing the proposed QD-DWL with a commercial laser showcased similar performance characteristics, making the QD-DWL a candidate source for MMW applications.",

keywords = "L-band wavelength region, Millimeter waves, Quantum-dash lasers, Radio-over-fiber",

author = "Ragheb, {Amr M.} and Qazi Tareq and Emad Alkhazraji and Esmail, {Maged A.} and Saleh Alshebeili and Khan, {Mohammed Zahed Mustafa}",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgments: Q.T. and M.Z.M.K. acknowledge the support from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals through grant SB191036. A.M.R. and S.A. thank the National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (award number: 2-17-02-001-0009). M.A.E. acknowledges the support from Prince Sultan University. Funding Information: TAhe1p6r1e0snenmt wexoterkn dreedlieLd-boann da SsiInLgQleD lo-DckWedL mwaosdpe roofp aosQedD-aLnDd, doebmtaoinnsetdr avteiad afnorStIhLe-assisting scheme and consequently realized a dual-wavelength laser source via DWG. Unfortunately, the output power of the QD-DWL was limited by the insertion losses of various components besides a high SMF butt-coupling loss. Furthermore, owing to the inferior performance of several optical components at ~1610 nm, in particular EDFA, the system power budget was affected, thereby limiting the sub-link lengths of WL, hybrid-WL, and hybrid-FSO transmission channel configurations. Nevertheless, as a proof of concept, the maximum possible lengths were selected for all channel configurations, demonstrating error-free transmission. In the future, high-power QD-DWLs could be realized by exploiting dual-mode SIL and customized tunable fiber Bragg gratings, thus negating the use of optical components in Figure 1, including a DWG, rendering the source to be compact, simple, and cost-effective. The investigation of this source as a potential MMW optical source would further strengthen the prospects of QD-LDs in MMW applications Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.M.R. and M.Z.M.K.; methodology, M.A.E. and E.A.; wherein field-trial demonstrations with outdoor FSO links and WL channels could be in-experiment, A.M.R., Q.T., E.A. and M.A.E.; validation, A.M.R., M.A.E., Q.T. and M.Z.M.K.; inves- vestigated, providing valuable information on environmental effects on the system per-tigation, A.M.R., Q.T., S.A. and M.Z.M.K.; writing—original draft preparation, Q.T. and M.Z.M.K.; formance. Lastly, demonstrating a high-quality multiwavelength QD-LD source in the L-band employing injection locking [17] or mode-locking as those reported in the C-band [13,19] could provide a paradigm shift by eliminating several optical MMW laser sources in RoF-WDM systems, similar to recent demonstrations in the typical optical fiber-based Funding: This research was funded by King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, grant WDM system employing a mode-locked QD-LD at 1550 nm [27]. In this case, a standalone number SB191036, and National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King multiwavelength source could provide the required several dual optical carriers for the Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, grant number 2-17-02-001-0009. realization of MMW beat-tone carriers at different channels in RoF-WDM-PON operating in the mid-and extended L-band wavelength window. This would be a step towards energy-efficient next-generation flexible heterogeneous optical networks. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2021",

month = may,

doi = "10.3390/photonics8050167",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

journal = "Photonics",

issn = "2304-6732",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

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T1 - Extended l-band inas/inp quantum-dash laser in millimeter-wave applications

AU - Ragheb, Amr M.

AU - Tareq, Qazi

AU - Alkhazraji, Emad

AU - Esmail, Maged A.

AU - Alshebeili, Saleh

AU - Khan, Mohammed Zahed Mustafa

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgments: Q.T. and M.Z.M.K. acknowledge the support from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals through grant SB191036. A.M.R. and S.A. thank the National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (award number: 2-17-02-001-0009). M.A.E. acknowledges the support from Prince Sultan University. Funding Information: TAhe1p6r1e0snenmt wexoterkn dreedlieLd-boann da SsiInLgQleD lo-DckWedL mwaosdpe roofp aosQedD-aLnDd, doebmtaoinnsetdr avteiad afnorStIhLe-assisting scheme and consequently realized a dual-wavelength laser source via DWG. Unfortunately, the output power of the QD-DWL was limited by the insertion losses of various components besides a high SMF butt-coupling loss. Furthermore, owing to the inferior performance of several optical components at ~1610 nm, in particular EDFA, the system power budget was affected, thereby limiting the sub-link lengths of WL, hybrid-WL, and hybrid-FSO transmission channel configurations. Nevertheless, as a proof of concept, the maximum possible lengths were selected for all channel configurations, demonstrating error-free transmission. In the future, high-power QD-DWLs could be realized by exploiting dual-mode SIL and customized tunable fiber Bragg gratings, thus negating the use of optical components in Figure 1, including a DWG, rendering the source to be compact, simple, and cost-effective. The investigation of this source as a potential MMW optical source would further strengthen the prospects of QD-LDs in MMW applications Author Contributions: Conceptualization, A.M.R. and M.Z.M.K.; methodology, M.A.E. and E.A.; wherein field-trial demonstrations with outdoor FSO links and WL channels could be in-experiment, A.M.R., Q.T., E.A. and M.A.E.; validation, A.M.R., M.A.E., Q.T. and M.Z.M.K.; inves- vestigated, providing valuable information on environmental effects on the system per-tigation, A.M.R., Q.T., S.A. and M.Z.M.K.; writing—original draft preparation, Q.T. and M.Z.M.K.; formance. Lastly, demonstrating a high-quality multiwavelength QD-LD source in the L-band employing injection locking [17] or mode-locking as those reported in the C-band [13,19] could provide a paradigm shift by eliminating several optical MMW laser sources in RoF-WDM systems, similar to recent demonstrations in the typical optical fiber-based Funding: This research was funded by King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, grant WDM system employing a mode-locked QD-LD at 1550 nm [27]. In this case, a standalone number SB191036, and National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King multiwavelength source could provide the required several dual optical carriers for the Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, grant number 2-17-02-001-0009. realization of MMW beat-tone carriers at different channels in RoF-WDM-PON operating in the mid-and extended L-band wavelength window. This would be a step towards energy-efficient next-generation flexible heterogeneous optical networks. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2021/5

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N2 - We report on the generation and transmission of a millimeter-wave (MMW) signal with a frequency of 28 GHz by employing an InAs/InP quantum-dash dual-wavelength laser diode (QD-DWL) emitting in the ~1610 nm extended L-band window. The self-injection locking (SIL) technique has been engaged to improve the linewidth and reduce the noise of the optical tone. Besides, the transmission of a 2 Gbits/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)-modulated 28-GHz MMW beat tone over a hybrid 20-km radio-over-fiber combined with 5-m radio-over-free-space-optics and up to 6-m radio frequency wireless link has been demonstrated. Moreover, comparing the proposed QD-DWL with a commercial laser showcased similar performance characteristics, making the QD-DWL a candidate source for MMW applications.

AB - We report on the generation and transmission of a millimeter-wave (MMW) signal with a frequency of 28 GHz by employing an InAs/InP quantum-dash dual-wavelength laser diode (QD-DWL) emitting in the ~1610 nm extended L-band window. The self-injection locking (SIL) technique has been engaged to improve the linewidth and reduce the noise of the optical tone. Besides, the transmission of a 2 Gbits/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)-modulated 28-GHz MMW beat tone over a hybrid 20-km radio-over-fiber combined with 5-m radio-over-free-space-optics and up to 6-m radio frequency wireless link has been demonstrated. Moreover, comparing the proposed QD-DWL with a commercial laser showcased similar performance characteristics, making the QD-DWL a candidate source for MMW applications.

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JO - Photonics

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ER -

Extended l-band inas/inp quantum-dash laser in millimeter-wave applications

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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