Exploring the Potential of Rechargeable Ni–Zn Battery (Ni–Zn): A Comprehensive Review of Recent Research and Future Challenges

Rechargeable nickel-zinc (Ni–Zn) batteries are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their low cost, high safety, environmental friendliness, and the natural abundance of nickel and zinc. Despite these advantages, the widespread adoption of Ni–Zn batteries is hindered by several challenges associated with all key components, including the cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte. This review offers a thorough overview of the latest developments in each of these components, with a particular emphasis on material design, structural modifications, and electrochemical behavior. The underlying charge storage mechanisms are analyzed alongside insights from theoretical studies and industrial developments. Key performance limitations and degradation mechanisms are also discussed. Finally, critical challenges and prospective strategies for the future development of Ni–Zn battery technology are outlined, offering guidance for further research and practical implementation.