Evaluation of Swat kaolin deposits of Pakistan for industrial uses

Muhammad Ashraf Siddiqui; Zulfiqar Ahmed; Akhter Ali Saleemi

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2004.09.005

Evaluation of Swat kaolin deposits of Pakistan for industrial uses

Muhammad Ashraf Siddiqui
, Zulfiqar Ahmed^*
, Akhter Ali Saleemi

^*Corresponding author for this work

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

53 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Swat kaolin deposits are characterized and evaluated for their potential as industrial raw materials. Their particle size, colour measurement, viscosity, plastic limits, liquid limits, drying, firing shrinkage, water absorption, oil absorption, pH, water soluble matter, moisture and bulk density are tested for <63, <10, <5 and <2-μm size fractions. Due to low plasticity index and high Fe₂O₃, TiO₂ and CaO contents, the "water-washed" <63-μm fraction of kaolin is unsuitable for ceramic use. The yellowness of this fraction, 1.3-9.8%, can be reduced by 20.4-61.3%, by chemical bleaching. The <2-μm fraction can be used for high-solids formulation for publication-grade paper and medium-finish lower cost enamels. The <5-μm fraction is useable in paper filling. The <10-μm fraction is suitable for the ceramics, paint, plastic and rubber-filler industries.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	55-72
Number of pages	18
Journal	Applied Clay Science
Volume	29
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2004.09.005
State	Published - Feb 2005

Keywords

China clay
Industrial use
Kaolin evaluation
Pakistan
Particle size
Physical properties
Swat area

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geology
Geochemistry and Petrology

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10.1016/j.clay.2004.09.005

Cite this

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title = "Evaluation of Swat kaolin deposits of Pakistan for industrial uses",

abstract = "The Swat kaolin deposits are characterized and evaluated for their potential as industrial raw materials. Their particle size, colour measurement, viscosity, plastic limits, liquid limits, drying, firing shrinkage, water absorption, oil absorption, pH, water soluble matter, moisture and bulk density are tested for <63, <10, <5 and <2-μm size fractions. Due to low plasticity index and high Fe2O3, TiO2 and CaO contents, the {"}water-washed{"} <63-μm fraction of kaolin is unsuitable for ceramic use. The yellowness of this fraction, 1.3-9.8\%, can be reduced by 20.4-61.3\%, by chemical bleaching. The <2-μm fraction can be used for high-solids formulation for publication-grade paper and medium-finish lower cost enamels. The <5-μm fraction is useable in paper filling. The <10-μm fraction is suitable for the ceramics, paint, plastic and rubber-filler industries.",

keywords = "China clay, Industrial use, Kaolin evaluation, Pakistan, Particle size, Physical properties, Swat area",

author = "Siddiqui, \{Muhammad Ashraf\} and Zulfiqar Ahmed and Saleemi, \{Akhter Ali\}",

year = "2005",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.clay.2004.09.005",

language = "English",

volume = "29",

pages = "55--72",

journal = "Applied Clay Science",

issn = "0169-1317",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Evaluation of Swat kaolin deposits of Pakistan for industrial uses

AU - Siddiqui, Muhammad Ashraf

AU - Ahmed, Zulfiqar

AU - Saleemi, Akhter Ali

PY - 2005/2

Y1 - 2005/2

N2 - The Swat kaolin deposits are characterized and evaluated for their potential as industrial raw materials. Their particle size, colour measurement, viscosity, plastic limits, liquid limits, drying, firing shrinkage, water absorption, oil absorption, pH, water soluble matter, moisture and bulk density are tested for <63, <10, <5 and <2-μm size fractions. Due to low plasticity index and high Fe2O3, TiO2 and CaO contents, the "water-washed" <63-μm fraction of kaolin is unsuitable for ceramic use. The yellowness of this fraction, 1.3-9.8%, can be reduced by 20.4-61.3%, by chemical bleaching. The <2-μm fraction can be used for high-solids formulation for publication-grade paper and medium-finish lower cost enamels. The <5-μm fraction is useable in paper filling. The <10-μm fraction is suitable for the ceramics, paint, plastic and rubber-filler industries.

AB - The Swat kaolin deposits are characterized and evaluated for their potential as industrial raw materials. Their particle size, colour measurement, viscosity, plastic limits, liquid limits, drying, firing shrinkage, water absorption, oil absorption, pH, water soluble matter, moisture and bulk density are tested for <63, <10, <5 and <2-μm size fractions. Due to low plasticity index and high Fe2O3, TiO2 and CaO contents, the "water-washed" <63-μm fraction of kaolin is unsuitable for ceramic use. The yellowness of this fraction, 1.3-9.8%, can be reduced by 20.4-61.3%, by chemical bleaching. The <2-μm fraction can be used for high-solids formulation for publication-grade paper and medium-finish lower cost enamels. The <5-μm fraction is useable in paper filling. The <10-μm fraction is suitable for the ceramics, paint, plastic and rubber-filler industries.

KW - China clay

KW - Industrial use

KW - Kaolin evaluation

KW - Pakistan

KW - Particle size

KW - Physical properties

KW - Swat area

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/12144273164

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DO - 10.1016/j.clay.2004.09.005

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:12144273164

SN - 0169-1317

VL - 29

SP - 55

EP - 72

JO - Applied Clay Science

JF - Applied Clay Science

IS - 1

ER -

Evaluation of Swat kaolin deposits of Pakistan for industrial uses

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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