Evaluation of Anti-Infection and Anti-Diabetic Activities in Methanolic and n-Hexane Plant Extracts of Indigenously Cultivated Chenopodium album

The Asian region of earth has a rich agriculture system that provides extensive opportunities to boost pharmaceutical and nutritional research to address the use of food crops for health benefits and potential clinical applications. The traditionally cropped green leaf vegetable indigenously known as Bathu and botanically known as Chenopodium album (C. album) is traditionally used as a sedative, blood purifier, hepatoprotectant, diuretic, and antiscorbutic laxative. In this study, we investigated the anti-infection potential, anti-diabetic potential, and mineral composition of indigenously cultivated C. album plant extracts. Methanol and n-hexane solvents were used to extract phytochemicals at different extraction conditions. The maximum yield of 12.72 ± 0.36 g/100 g extract was obtained in methanol with 200 rpm shaking, 200 mL solvent, and an 8 h extraction period. Under the same conditions, n-hexane gave 2.09 ± 0.29 g/100 g extract. Good alpha-amylase inhibition efficiency was shown by the n-hexane extracts, while the methanol extracts showed good urease inhibition potential. The H6 extract had the lowest IC₅₀ (8.16 ± 0.2 ug/mL) as compared to the standard acarbose (9.27 ± 0.6 ug/mL). Similarly, the M6 extract revealed a significant urease inhibitory potential, i.e., IC₅₀ of 18.77 ± 0.6 ug/mL, which was close to the standard thiourea (IC₅₀: 19.09 ± 0.7 ug/mL). Regarding the antibacterial study, the M6 extract showed 16.55 ± 0.57 mm ZOI against E. coli and 15.54 ± 0.55 mm in the case of S. aureus, as compared to the standard ciprofloxacin, which showed 26.08 ± 0.73 mm, and penicillin, which showed 21.12 ± 0.81 mm ZOI. Mineral profiling was investigated by ICP-OES, which showed significant amounts of Mg and Fe in all extracts. Our findings tend to show that systematic harvesting and utilization of this vegetable crop could be recommended as an alternative nutritional therapy in the management of internal infections and diabetes.