Estimating the heat capacity of non-newtonian ionanofluid systems using ANN, ANFIS, and SGB tree algorithms

This work investigated the capability of multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN), stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) tree, radial basis function artificial neural network (RBF-ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models to determine the heat capacity (C_p) of ionanofluids in terms of the nanoparticle concentration (x) and the critical temperature (T_c), operational temperature (T), acentric factor (ω), and molecular weight (M_w) of pure ionic liquids (ILs). To this end, a comprehensive database of literature reviews was searched. The results of the SGB model were more satisfactory than the other models. Furthermore, an analysis was done to determine the outlying bad data points. It showed that most of the experimental data points were located in a reliable zone for the development of the model. The mean squared error and R² were 0.00249 and 0.987, 0.0132 and 0.9434, 0.0320 and 0.8754, and 0.0201 and 0.9204 for the SGB, MLP-ANN, ANFIS, and RBF-ANN, respectively. According to this study, the ability of SGB for estimating the C_p of ionanofluids was shown to be greater than other models. By eliminating the need for conducting costly and time-consuming experiments, the SGB strategy showed its superiority compared with experimental measurements. Furthermore, the SGB displayed great generalizability because of the stochastic element. Therefore, it can be highly applicable to unseen conditions. Furthermore, it can help chemical engineers and chemists by providing a model with low parameters that yields satisfactory results for estimating the C_p of ionanofluids. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis showed that C_p is directly related to T, M_w, and T_c, and has an inverse relation with ω and x. M_w and T_c had the highest impact and ω had the lowest impact on C_p.