Environmental impact of microplastic

This book chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the environmental impact of microplastics (MPs), aiming to find their widespread presence and complex interactions within various ecosystems. It examines the multienvironmental distribution of MPs, spanning aquatic systems, terrestrial landscapes, and the atmosphere. Through detailed exploration, the chapter explains the mechanisms underlying MP transport and deposition, describing their pathways of infiltration and ecological influence. Furthermore, it investigates the diverse biotic and abiotic effects of MPs, from their ingestion by marine organisms to their interaction with soil ecosystems. The complex interplay between MPs and other pollutants is also explored, emphasizing their role as vectors for contaminants, amplifying ecological impacts, and complicating environmental management efforts. Through the lens of ecological resilience and adaptation, the chapter assesses organisms' responses to MP exposure and the challenges posed to ecosystem stability. Drawing upon case studies and life cycle assessment studies, it highlights the urgent need for interdisciplinary collaboration and informed policymaking to mitigate MP pollution and safeguard environmental health. Ultimately, the chapter aims to deepen understanding and drive action toward addressing this pressing environmental issue effectively.