Enhancing the Thermal, Mechanical and Swelling Properties of PVA/Starch Nanocomposite Membranes Incorporating g-C₃N₄

Abstract: A ground-breaking and soft nanomaterial, namely graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has gained importance as two-dimensional filler in polymeric membranes. In this research, g-C₃N₄ was synthesized by “thermal oxidation etching process”, employing melamine as a precursor. The porous nanosheets were characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR. g-C₃N₄ nanosheets showed remarkable thermal stability up to 620 °C. The PVA starch nanocomposite membranes were fabricated with varying amounts of g-C₃N₄. Owing to strong interactions between g-C₃N₄, and polymers, the composite membranes showed exceptional thermal and mechanical stability and resist to degrade in various mediums including water, saline and blood. The hybrid membranes showed remarkable swelling abilities up to 96 h. Moreover, g-C₃N₄ enhanced the hydrophilicity, consequently, moisture retention capability and water vapor transmission were improved. XRD and SEM results revealed the proper dispersion of g-C₃N₄ into the polymeric matrix. The results suggested that prepared hybrid PVA/St/g-C₃N₄ membranes could be used as wound dressings. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]