Energy storage horizons in MXenes: Opportunities and challenges beyond traditional electrode applications

Because of their distinctive characteristics and wide range of applications MXene materials have become prominent contenders to transform energy storage systems. This review emphasizes the diverse functions of MXenes, extending beyond their role as electrode active materials, in enhancing different elements of energy storage devices. MXenes demonstrate remarkable electrical conductivity, adjustable surface functionalities, and a two-dimensional structure, making them ideal for improving electrode or electrolyte materials, current collectors, binders, and separators. MXenes serve as electrode hosts, effectively accommodating active materials like sulfur, silicon, selenium, and innovative compounds, while tackling challenges associated with volume expansion, electronic conductivity, and chemical interactions. Moreover, MXene-based conductive agents and additives improve the stability and performance of solid-state batteries and supercapacitors, addressing challenges related to flammable liquid electrolytes. MXene materials demonstrate exceptional performance as current collectors by enhancing the interface between active materials and reducing dendrite formation, thereby prolonging battery lifespan and ensuring safety. Moreover, the incorporation of MXene-modified separators and interlayers significantly mitigates the shuttle effect and dendrite formation in Li[sbnd]S and various other battery systems, thereby improving their stability and lifespan. MXene materials present significant potential to overcome critical challenges in energy storage devices. Given their unique characteristics and ability to transform battery technologies, MXenes are poised to influence a more efficient, secure, and sustainable energy storage environment.