Energy-efficient routing protocol based on sink mobility for wireless sensor networks

Recently, many routing protocols have been implemented to accomplish progress in the energy consumption field for data collecting wireless sensor networks. Owing to the existence of many drawbacks for employing a static sink, this study utilises the idea of moving the sink node to achieve amelioration in energy utilisation and provide longer network lifetime. The idea of the proposed protocol depends on combining the mobile sink improved energy-efficient power-efficient gathering in sensor information system-based routing protocol (MIEEPB) with the direct transmission (DT) protocol to utilise the limited energy of wireless sensors efficiently. As the motorised movement of the sink is operated by petrol or electricity, the data loss through the transition of this sink from its current location to the next location must be diminished by restricting the moving distance. In the proposed protocol, the mobile sink must spend at least a certain amount of time (sojourn time) at each of its sojourn locations to avoid overhead. Extensive analysis was implemented on the proposed protocol (called MIEEPB-DT) to appraise and compare it with MIEEPB and DT. Simulation results show that the proposed MIEEPB-DT protocol gives better improvement in energy efficiency and network lifetime than both MIEEPB and DT.