Energy conservation research trajectories: A systematic analysis of methods, technologies, and knowledge gaps

Energy saving remains a pivotal aspect of the global sustainable energy outlook, with primary strategies including energy efficiency (EE) and energy conservation (EC). Although energy efficiency often receives more attention, this study emphasizes the equally critical role of energy conservation. Utilizing the PRISMA-2020 methodology, our research systematically delves into the landscape of energy saving, discerning between the coverage of EE and EC. Our analysis of 329 studies reveals a significant imbalance, with 292 (88.8%) focused on EE and only 37 (11.2%) on EC. This systematic review specifically targets these 37 EC-focused studies to map out current research trajectories, identify critical gaps, and propose actionable pathways for future research. Key findings highlight the lack of empirical field validation and demographic inclusivity in study designs, suggesting areas ripe for further exploration. Specifically, our study calls for increased empirical validation of energy conservation strategies across diverse demographic settings and stresses the importance of integrating real-world applications to verify theoretical models. Furthermore, we underscore the necessity of policy interventions and behavioral research to develop comprehensive energy conservation strategies that support global sustainable development goals (SDGs). The outlined pathways aim to guide researchers, policymakers, and industry practitioners to prioritize and strategize future research, thereby maximizing the impact of energy conservation initiatives worldwide and fostering broader environmental stewardship.