EM-based optimization exploiting partial space mapping and exact sensitivities

We present a family of robust techniques for exploiting sensitivities in EM-based circuit optimization through Space Mapping (SM). We utilize derivative information for parameter extractions and mapping updates. We exploit a Partial Space Mapping (PSM) concept where a reduced set of parameters is sufficient for parameter extraction optimization. Upfront gradients of both EM (fine) model and coarse surrogates can initialize possible mapping approximations. Illustrations include a two-section 10:1 impedance transformer and a microstrip bandstop filter.