Electron paramagnetic resonance method for the quantitative assay of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical preparations

In this study, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used, for the first time, as an analytical tool for the quantitative assay of ketoconazole (KTZ) in drug formulations. The drug was successfully characterized by the prominent signals by two radical species produced as a result of its oxidation with 400 μg/mL cerium(IV) in 0.10 mol dm^-3 sulfuric acid. The EPR signal of the reaction mixture was measured in eight capillary tubes housed in a 4 mm EPR sample tube. The radical stability was investigated by obtaining multi-EPR scans of each KTZ sample solution at time intervals of 2.5 min of the reaction mixing time. The plot of the disappearance of the radical species show that the disappearance is apparently of zero order. The zero-time intercept of the EPR signal amplitude, which should be proportional to the initial radical concentration, is linear in the sample concentration in the range between 100 and 400 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient, r, of 0.999. The detection limit was determined to be 11.7 ( 2.5 μg/mL. The method newly adopted was fully validated following the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) monograph protocol in both the generic and the proprietary forms. The method is very accurate, such that we were able to measure the concentration at confidence levels of 99.9%. The method was also found to be suitable for the assay of KTZ in its tablet and cream pharmaceutical preparations, as no interferences were encountered from excipients of the proprietary drugs. High specificity, simplicity, and rapidity are the merits of the present method compared to the previously reported methods.