Electrochemical reduction of co2: A review of cobalt based catalysts for carbon dioxide conversion to fuels

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising approach to curb-ing harmful emissions contributing to global warming. However, several challenges hinder the commercialization of this technology, including high overpotentials, electrode instability, and low Faradic efficiencies of desirable products. Several materials have been developed to overcome these challenges. This mini-review discusses the recent performance of various cobalt (Co) electrocata-lysts, including Co-single atom, Co-multi metals, Co-complexes, Co-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Co-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), Co-nitrides, and Co-oxides. These materials are reviewed with respect to their stability of facilitating CO2 conversion to valuable prod-ucts, and a summary of the current literature is highlighted, along with future perspectives for the development of efficient CO2RR.