Electrochemical performance of two-dimensional Ti ₃ C ₂ -Mn ₃ O ₄ nanocomposites and carbonized iron cations for hybrid supercapacitor electrodes

In this work, we present a simple two-step synthesis route to develop a cost effective high performance Ti ₃ C ₂ –Mn ₃ O ₄ nanocomposite via a solvothermal process at 150 °C. The characterization of the composite material was obtained via various techniques. Electrochemical performance study of the material as a potential supercapacitor electrode demonstrated a maximum specific capacity of 128 mAh g ⁻¹ at a specific current of 1 A g ⁻¹ in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. A capacity retention of 77.7% of the initial value was recorded after over 2000 galvanostatic cycles at 10 A g ⁻¹ for the single electrode. More so, the as-prepared nanocomposite sample electrode also showed a relatively stable property with an energy efficiency of 83.5% after cycling tests. Interestingly, an assembled hybrid supercapacitor device with carbonized iron cations (C-FP) and the Ti ₃ C ₂ –Mn ₃ O ₄ composite delivered a specific capacity of 78.9 mAh g ⁻¹ . The device yielded a high energy of 28.3 Wh kg ⁻¹ with an equivalent 463.4 W kg ⁻¹ power densityat 1 A g ⁻¹ . A good cycling stability performance with an energy efficiency of 90.2% in addition to a 92.6% capacity retention was observed for over 10,000 cycles at specific current of 3 A g ⁻¹ over a voltage window of 1.5 V.