Electrochemical Hydrogen Generation from Waste Produced Water Using Graphene- Based Tungsten Trioxide composites

This work explores the synthesis and characterization of tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nanocomposites with graphene derivatives, including graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), using a hydrothermal method. The composites were prepared by incorporating 0.5 wt.% of each graphene derivative with WO₃ to investigate their impact on hydrogen generation. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of crystalline WO₃ and the successful incorporation of graphene-based materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed well-integrated composite structures with WO₃ particles anchored on graphene sheets. The electrochemical measurements, including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were measured in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ using a three-electrode system to evaluate catalytic activity, charge transfer behaviour, and stability. These results demonstrate the potential of graphene-based WO₃ composites as promising materials for electrochemical hydrogen production, contributing to developing efficient, non-precious metal catalysts.