Efficient Ultra-Compact Antenna for 2.45 GHz ISM Band Wireless Connectivity in Biomedical Devices

This study presents an innovative ultra-miniaturized antenna system designed for 2.45 GHz ISM band operation, tailored to the distinct requirements of biomedical implants. The proposed antenna boasts an exceptional level of compactness, with a mere 3.3 mm3 in volume and physical dimensions of 3 mm × 3 mm × 0.37 mm. In a three-layer body model incorporating skin, fat, and muscle, the antenna system achieves an impressive peak gain of -25.4 dB at 2.45 GHz while maintaining a remarkable impedance bandwidth of -10 dB, spanning 33.8%. This accomplishment is particularly noteworthy, given the antenna's compact design. Additionally, it exhibits outstanding omnidirectional radiation patterns. Furthermore, an evaluation and analysis of the antenna's specific absorption rate (SAR) are conducted. These results emphasize the practicality and potential applications of this antenna system within biomedical devices.