Effect of zinc oxide nano-additives and soybean biodiesel at varying loads and compression ratios on vcr diesel engine characteristics

Rakhamaji S. Gavhane; Ajit M. Kate; Abhay Pawar; Mohammad Reza Safaei; Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar; Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas; Hafiz Muhammad Ali; Nagaraj R. Banapurmath; Marjan Goodarzi; Irfan Anjum Badruddin; Waqar Ahmed; Kiran Shahapurkar

doi:10.3390/sym12061042

Effect of zinc oxide nano-additives and soybean biodiesel at varying loads and compression ratios on vcr diesel engine characteristics

Rakhamaji S. Gavhane
, Ajit M. Kate
, Abhay Pawar
, Mohammad Reza Safaei^*
, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas
, Hafiz Muhammad Ali
, Nagaraj R. Banapurmath
, Marjan Goodarzi
, Irfan Anjum Badruddin
, Waqar Ahmed
, Kiran Shahapurkar

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

111 Scopus citations

Abstract

The present investigation is directed towards synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and steady blending with soybean biodiesel (SBME25) to improve the fuel properties of SBME25 and enhance the overall characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine. The soybean biodiesel (SBME) was prepared using the transesterification reaction. Numerous characterization tests were carried out to ascertain the shape and size of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized asymmetric ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in SBME25 at three dosage levels (25, 50, and 75 ppm) with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) surfactant using the ultrasonication process. The quantified physicochemical properties of all the fuels blends were in symmetry with the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. Nanofuel blends demonstrated enhanced fuel properties compared with SBME25. The engine was operated at two different compression ratios (18.5 and 21.5) and a comparison was made, and best fuel blend and compression ratio (CR) were selected. Fuel blend SBME25ZnO50 and compression ratio (CR) of 21.5 illustrated an overall enhancement in engine characteristics. For SBME25ZnO50 and CR 21.5 fuel blend, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 23.2%, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were reduced by 26.66%, and hydrocarbon (HC), CO, smoke, and CO₂ emissions were reduced by 32.234%, 28.21% 22.55% and 21.66%, respectively; in addition, the heat release rate (HRR) and mean gas temperature (MGT) improved, and ignition delay (ID) was reduced. In contrast, the NOx emissions increased for all the nanofuel blends due to greater supply of oxygen and increase in the temperature of the combustion chamber. At a CR of 18.5, a similar trend was observed, while the values of engine characteristics were lower compared with CR of 21.5. The properties of nanofuel blend SBME25ZnO50 were in symmetry and comparable to the diesel fuel.

Original language	English
Article number	1042
Pages (from-to)	1-31
Number of pages	31
Journal	Symmetry
Volume	12
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061042
State	Published - Jun 2020

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 13 Climate Action

Keywords

Compression ratio
Emissions
Soybean biodiesel
VCR engine performance
Zinc oxide nanoparticles

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Computer Science (miscellaneous)
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
General Mathematics
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)

Access to Document

10.3390/sym12061042

Cite this

Gavhane, R. S., Kate, A. M., Pawar, A., Safaei, M. R., Soudagar, M. E. M., Abbas, M. M., Ali, H. M., Banapurmath, N. R., Goodarzi, M., Badruddin, I. A., Ahmed, W., & Shahapurkar, K. (2020). Effect of zinc oxide nano-additives and soybean biodiesel at varying loads and compression ratios on vcr diesel engine characteristics. Symmetry, 12(6), 1-31. Article 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061042

@article{297773a88849469c962c77fd8bbc2164,

title = "Effect of zinc oxide nano-additives and soybean biodiesel at varying loads and compression ratios on vcr diesel engine characteristics",

abstract = "The present investigation is directed towards synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and steady blending with soybean biodiesel (SBME25) to improve the fuel properties of SBME25 and enhance the overall characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine. The soybean biodiesel (SBME) was prepared using the transesterification reaction. Numerous characterization tests were carried out to ascertain the shape and size of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized asymmetric ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in SBME25 at three dosage levels (25, 50, and 75 ppm) with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) surfactant using the ultrasonication process. The quantified physicochemical properties of all the fuels blends were in symmetry with the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. Nanofuel blends demonstrated enhanced fuel properties compared with SBME25. The engine was operated at two different compression ratios (18.5 and 21.5) and a comparison was made, and best fuel blend and compression ratio (CR) were selected. Fuel blend SBME25ZnO50 and compression ratio (CR) of 21.5 illustrated an overall enhancement in engine characteristics. For SBME25ZnO50 and CR 21.5 fuel blend, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 23.2\%, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were reduced by 26.66\%, and hydrocarbon (HC), CO, smoke, and CO2 emissions were reduced by 32.234\%, 28.21\% 22.55\% and 21.66\%, respectively; in addition, the heat release rate (HRR) and mean gas temperature (MGT) improved, and ignition delay (ID) was reduced. In contrast, the NOx emissions increased for all the nanofuel blends due to greater supply of oxygen and increase in the temperature of the combustion chamber. At a CR of 18.5, a similar trend was observed, while the values of engine characteristics were lower compared with CR of 21.5. The properties of nanofuel blend SBME25ZnO50 were in symmetry and comparable to the diesel fuel.",

keywords = "Compression ratio, Emissions, Soybean biodiesel, VCR engine performance, Zinc oxide nanoparticles",

author = "Gavhane, \{Rakhamaji S.\} and Kate, \{Ajit M.\} and Abhay Pawar and Safaei, \{Mohammad Reza\} and Soudagar, \{Manzoore Elahi M.\} and Abbas, \{Muhammad Mujtaba\} and Ali, \{Hafiz Muhammad\} and Banapurmath, \{Nagaraj R.\} and Marjan Goodarzi and Badruddin, \{Irfan Anjum\} and Waqar Ahmed and Kiran Shahapurkar",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

year = "2020",

month = jun,

doi = "10.3390/sym12061042",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

pages = "1--31",

journal = "Symmetry",

issn = "2073-8994",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "6",

}

Gavhane, RS, Kate, AM, Pawar, A, Safaei, MR, Soudagar, MEM, Abbas, MM, Ali, HM, Banapurmath, NR, Goodarzi, M, Badruddin, IA, Ahmed, W & Shahapurkar, K 2020, 'Effect of zinc oxide nano-additives and soybean biodiesel at varying loads and compression ratios on vcr diesel engine characteristics', Symmetry, vol. 12, no. 6, 1042, pp. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061042

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effect of zinc oxide nano-additives and soybean biodiesel at varying loads and compression ratios on vcr diesel engine characteristics

AU - Gavhane, Rakhamaji S.

AU - Kate, Ajit M.

AU - Pawar, Abhay

AU - Safaei, Mohammad Reza

AU - Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M.

AU - Abbas, Muhammad Mujtaba

AU - Ali, Hafiz Muhammad

AU - Banapurmath, Nagaraj R.

AU - Goodarzi, Marjan

AU - Badruddin, Irfan Anjum

AU - Ahmed, Waqar

AU - Shahapurkar, Kiran

PY - 2020/6

Y1 - 2020/6

N2 - The present investigation is directed towards synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and steady blending with soybean biodiesel (SBME25) to improve the fuel properties of SBME25 and enhance the overall characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine. The soybean biodiesel (SBME) was prepared using the transesterification reaction. Numerous characterization tests were carried out to ascertain the shape and size of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized asymmetric ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in SBME25 at three dosage levels (25, 50, and 75 ppm) with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) surfactant using the ultrasonication process. The quantified physicochemical properties of all the fuels blends were in symmetry with the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. Nanofuel blends demonstrated enhanced fuel properties compared with SBME25. The engine was operated at two different compression ratios (18.5 and 21.5) and a comparison was made, and best fuel blend and compression ratio (CR) were selected. Fuel blend SBME25ZnO50 and compression ratio (CR) of 21.5 illustrated an overall enhancement in engine characteristics. For SBME25ZnO50 and CR 21.5 fuel blend, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 23.2%, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were reduced by 26.66%, and hydrocarbon (HC), CO, smoke, and CO2 emissions were reduced by 32.234%, 28.21% 22.55% and 21.66%, respectively; in addition, the heat release rate (HRR) and mean gas temperature (MGT) improved, and ignition delay (ID) was reduced. In contrast, the NOx emissions increased for all the nanofuel blends due to greater supply of oxygen and increase in the temperature of the combustion chamber. At a CR of 18.5, a similar trend was observed, while the values of engine characteristics were lower compared with CR of 21.5. The properties of nanofuel blend SBME25ZnO50 were in symmetry and comparable to the diesel fuel.

AB - The present investigation is directed towards synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and steady blending with soybean biodiesel (SBME25) to improve the fuel properties of SBME25 and enhance the overall characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine. The soybean biodiesel (SBME) was prepared using the transesterification reaction. Numerous characterization tests were carried out to ascertain the shape and size of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized asymmetric ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in SBME25 at three dosage levels (25, 50, and 75 ppm) with sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) surfactant using the ultrasonication process. The quantified physicochemical properties of all the fuels blends were in symmetry with the American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. Nanofuel blends demonstrated enhanced fuel properties compared with SBME25. The engine was operated at two different compression ratios (18.5 and 21.5) and a comparison was made, and best fuel blend and compression ratio (CR) were selected. Fuel blend SBME25ZnO50 and compression ratio (CR) of 21.5 illustrated an overall enhancement in engine characteristics. For SBME25ZnO50 and CR 21.5 fuel blend, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 23.2%, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were reduced by 26.66%, and hydrocarbon (HC), CO, smoke, and CO2 emissions were reduced by 32.234%, 28.21% 22.55% and 21.66%, respectively; in addition, the heat release rate (HRR) and mean gas temperature (MGT) improved, and ignition delay (ID) was reduced. In contrast, the NOx emissions increased for all the nanofuel blends due to greater supply of oxygen and increase in the temperature of the combustion chamber. At a CR of 18.5, a similar trend was observed, while the values of engine characteristics were lower compared with CR of 21.5. The properties of nanofuel blend SBME25ZnO50 were in symmetry and comparable to the diesel fuel.

KW - Compression ratio

KW - Emissions

KW - Soybean biodiesel

KW - VCR engine performance

KW - Zinc oxide nanoparticles

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85090883854

U2 - 10.3390/sym12061042

DO - 10.3390/sym12061042

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85090883854

SN - 2073-8994

VL - 12

SP - 1

EP - 31

JO - Symmetry

JF - Symmetry

IS - 6

M1 - 1042

ER -

Effect of zinc oxide nano-additives and soybean biodiesel at varying loads and compression ratios on vcr diesel engine characteristics

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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