Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel

Md Faizan; Saurav Kumar; Obaidallah Munteshari

doi:10.3233/ATDE260103

Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel

Md Faizan^*
, Saurav Kumar
, Obaidallah Munteshari

^*Corresponding author for this work

Applied Research Center for Metrology, Standards and Testing

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

This study presents a numerical investigation of the hydrothermal performance of non-Newtonian nanofluids in a two-dimensional backward-facing step (BFS) channel. The effects of power-law index (n), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ = 0–4.5%), and nanoparticle type (Al₂O₃, TiO_2, CuO, and Cu) were examined using CMC/water as the pseudoplastic base fluid. The analysis focused on velocity distribution, velocity gradients, and both local and average Nusselt numbers. The results indicate that shear-thinning behaviour (n < 1) enhances flow development and heat transfer compared to Newtonian fluids. Increasing nanoparticle concentration improved both local and average Nusselt numbers, with Al₂O₃/CMC nanofluid consistently exhibiting the highest performance due to its superior thermal conductivity. The findings demonstrate that the combined effects of non-Newtonian rheology and nanoparticle addition substantially augment convective heat transfer, offering useful insights for the design of efficient heat exchange systems.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Moving Integrated Product Development to Service Clouds in the Global Economy - Proceedings of the 21st ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, CE 2014
Editors	Lei Shi
Publisher	IOS Press BV
Pages	21-30
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Electronic)	9781643686516
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3233/ATDE260103
State	Published - 6 Mar 2026
Event	16th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, ACMAE 2025 - Xi'an, China Duration: 12 Dec 2025 → 14 Dec 2025

Publication series

Name	Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering
Volume	89
ISSN (Print)	2352-751X
ISSN (Electronic)	2352-7528

Conference

Conference	16th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, ACMAE 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Xi'an
Period	12/12/25 → 14/12/25

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2026. The Author(s).

Keywords

Backward facing step
Forced convection
Nusselt number
laminar flow
non-Newtonian nanofluid

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Software
Algebra and Number Theory
Computer Science Applications
Strategy and Management
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Access to Document

10.3233/ATDE260103

Cite this

Faizan, M., Kumar, S., & Munteshari, O. (2026). Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel. In L. Shi (Ed.), Moving Integrated Product Development to Service Clouds in the Global Economy - Proceedings of the 21st ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, CE 2014 (pp. 21-30). (Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering; Vol. 89). IOS Press BV. https://doi.org/10.3233/ATDE260103

Faizan, Md ; Kumar, Saurav ; Munteshari, Obaidallah. / Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel. Moving Integrated Product Development to Service Clouds in the Global Economy - Proceedings of the 21st ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, CE 2014. editor / Lei Shi. IOS Press BV, 2026. pp. 21-30 (Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering).

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title = "Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel",

abstract = "This study presents a numerical investigation of the hydrothermal performance of non-Newtonian nanofluids in a two-dimensional backward-facing step (BFS) channel. The effects of power-law index (n), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ = 0–4.5\%), and nanoparticle type (Al2O3, TiO2, CuO, and Cu) were examined using CMC/water as the pseudoplastic base fluid. The analysis focused on velocity distribution, velocity gradients, and both local and average Nusselt numbers. The results indicate that shear-thinning behaviour (n < 1) enhances flow development and heat transfer compared to Newtonian fluids. Increasing nanoparticle concentration improved both local and average Nusselt numbers, with Al2O3/CMC nanofluid consistently exhibiting the highest performance due to its superior thermal conductivity. The findings demonstrate that the combined effects of non-Newtonian rheology and nanoparticle addition substantially augment convective heat transfer, offering useful insights for the design of efficient heat exchange systems.",

keywords = "Backward facing step, Forced convection, Nusselt number, laminar flow, non-Newtonian nanofluid",

author = "Md Faizan and Saurav Kumar and Obaidallah Munteshari",

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Faizan, M, Kumar, S & Munteshari, O 2026, Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel. in L Shi (ed.), Moving Integrated Product Development to Service Clouds in the Global Economy - Proceedings of the 21st ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, CE 2014. Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, vol. 89, IOS Press BV, pp. 21-30, 16th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, ACMAE 2025, Xi'an, China, 12/12/25. https://doi.org/10.3233/ATDE260103

Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel. / Faizan, Md; Kumar, Saurav; Munteshari, Obaidallah.
Moving Integrated Product Development to Service Clouds in the Global Economy - Proceedings of the 21st ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, CE 2014. ed. / Lei Shi. IOS Press BV, 2026. p. 21-30 (Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering; Vol. 89).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel

AU - Faizan, Md

AU - Kumar, Saurav

AU - Munteshari, Obaidallah

PY - 2026/3/6

Y1 - 2026/3/6

N2 - This study presents a numerical investigation of the hydrothermal performance of non-Newtonian nanofluids in a two-dimensional backward-facing step (BFS) channel. The effects of power-law index (n), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ = 0–4.5%), and nanoparticle type (Al2O3, TiO2, CuO, and Cu) were examined using CMC/water as the pseudoplastic base fluid. The analysis focused on velocity distribution, velocity gradients, and both local and average Nusselt numbers. The results indicate that shear-thinning behaviour (n < 1) enhances flow development and heat transfer compared to Newtonian fluids. Increasing nanoparticle concentration improved both local and average Nusselt numbers, with Al2O3/CMC nanofluid consistently exhibiting the highest performance due to its superior thermal conductivity. The findings demonstrate that the combined effects of non-Newtonian rheology and nanoparticle addition substantially augment convective heat transfer, offering useful insights for the design of efficient heat exchange systems.

AB - This study presents a numerical investigation of the hydrothermal performance of non-Newtonian nanofluids in a two-dimensional backward-facing step (BFS) channel. The effects of power-law index (n), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ = 0–4.5%), and nanoparticle type (Al2O3, TiO2, CuO, and Cu) were examined using CMC/water as the pseudoplastic base fluid. The analysis focused on velocity distribution, velocity gradients, and both local and average Nusselt numbers. The results indicate that shear-thinning behaviour (n < 1) enhances flow development and heat transfer compared to Newtonian fluids. Increasing nanoparticle concentration improved both local and average Nusselt numbers, with Al2O3/CMC nanofluid consistently exhibiting the highest performance due to its superior thermal conductivity. The findings demonstrate that the combined effects of non-Newtonian rheology and nanoparticle addition substantially augment convective heat transfer, offering useful insights for the design of efficient heat exchange systems.

KW - Backward facing step

KW - Forced convection

KW - Nusselt number

KW - laminar flow

KW - non-Newtonian nanofluid

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AN - SCOPUS:105035010724

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SP - 21

EP - 30

BT - Moving Integrated Product Development to Service Clouds in the Global Economy - Proceedings of the 21st ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, CE 2014

A2 - Shi, Lei

PB - IOS Press BV

T2 - 16th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, ACMAE 2025

Y2 - 12 December 2025 through 14 December 2025

ER -

Faizan M, Kumar S, Munteshari O. Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel. In Shi L, editor, Moving Integrated Product Development to Service Clouds in the Global Economy - Proceedings of the 21st ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, CE 2014. IOS Press BV. 2026. p. 21-30. (Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering). doi: 10.3233/ATDE260103

Effect of Laminar Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluid in a Horizontal Backward-Facing Step Channel

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Cite this