Economic feasibility of hydrogen transportation network in Saudi Arabia

Hydrogen is a promising, clean, and adaptable fuel source, making it a key player in the world's sustainable energy movement. However, safe and economical transportation and storage of hydrogen remains a challenge. This study investigates the economic feasibility of establishing a hydrogen transportation network in Saudi Arabia to facilitate the transition to a hydrogen-based economy and reduce carbon emissions. The study uses a techno-economic analysis to assess the cost-effectiveness and technical feasibility of transporting hydrogen over a 500-km distance from three production sites to industrial consumer locations. Hydrogen is produced using green, blue, and brown methods at Neom, Jubail, and Jazan, respectively. The study employs Aspen HYSYS to simulate the transport network, considering factors such as pipeline diameter, pressure management, and energy requirements for compression and cooling. The findings indicate that hydrogen pipeline transport is technically feasible and economically viable, with cost estimates for transport between $0.16 - $0.73 per kg of hydrogen. The analysis highlights the significant capital expenditure required for pipeline infrastructure, especially over longer distances. It also underscores the importance of strategically locating recompression stations to maintain efficiency and operational integrity. Finally, the discussion covers essential inspection methods to detect hydrogen pipeline leakage, which are crucial for ensuring safety.