Economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for residential loads in hot regions-A step to clean future

S. M. Shaahid; M. A. Elhadidy

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.013

Economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for residential loads in hot regions-A step to clean future

S. M. Shaahid^*
, M. A. Elhadidy

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

216 Scopus citations

Abstract

The growing concerns of global warming and depleting oil/gas reserves have made it inevitable to seek energy from renewable energy resources. Many nations are embarking on introduction of clean/renewable solar energy for displacement of oil-produced energy. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel hybrid power generation system technology is an emerging energy option since it promises great deal of challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) being enriched with higher level of solar radiation, is a prospective candidate for deployment of solar PV systems. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in K.S.A. consume about 10-45% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyze long-term solar radiation data of Dhahran (East-Coast, K.S.A.) to assess the techno-economic feasibility of utilizing hybrid PV-diesel-battery power systems to meet the load of a typical residential building (with annual electrical energy demand of 35,120 kWh). The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96 kwh/m². National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software has been employed to carry out the present study. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 4 kWp PV system together with 10 kW diesel system and a battery storage of 3 h of autonomy (equivalent to 3 h of average load), the PV penetration is 22%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.179 $/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1$/l). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Concurrently, attention is focussed on un-met load, excess electricity generation, fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV-diesel without storage, PV-diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of different hybrid systems, cost of PV-diesel-battery systems, etc.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	488-503
Number of pages	16
Journal	Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Volume	12
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.013
State	Published - Feb 2008

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is part of the KFUPM/RI internal Project no. 12011 supported by the Research Institute of the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. The authors acknowledge the support of the Research Institute. The authors are also very thankful to NREL for making available freely HOMER software for design of hybrid electric power systems. The authors extend special thanks to Dr. Tom Lambert for his time and effort in reviewing HOMER files and for his constructive/valuable comments.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth

Keywords

Battery
Carbon emissions
Diesel generators
PV modules
Residential loads
Solar irradiance

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Access to Document

10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.013

Cite this

@article{ebe7e12d83df4f09babb16df6a110d7c,

title = "Economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for residential loads in hot regions-A step to clean future",

abstract = "The growing concerns of global warming and depleting oil/gas reserves have made it inevitable to seek energy from renewable energy resources. Many nations are embarking on introduction of clean/renewable solar energy for displacement of oil-produced energy. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel hybrid power generation system technology is an emerging energy option since it promises great deal of challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) being enriched with higher level of solar radiation, is a prospective candidate for deployment of solar PV systems. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in K.S.A. consume about 10-45\% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyze long-term solar radiation data of Dhahran (East-Coast, K.S.A.) to assess the techno-economic feasibility of utilizing hybrid PV-diesel-battery power systems to meet the load of a typical residential building (with annual electrical energy demand of 35,120 kWh). The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96 kwh/m2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software has been employed to carry out the present study. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 4 kWp PV system together with 10 kW diesel system and a battery storage of 3 h of autonomy (equivalent to 3 h of average load), the PV penetration is 22\%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US\$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.179 \$/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1\$/l). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Concurrently, attention is focussed on un-met load, excess electricity generation, fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV-diesel without storage, PV-diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of different hybrid systems, cost of PV-diesel-battery systems, etc.",

keywords = "Battery, Carbon emissions, Diesel generators, PV modules, Residential loads, Solar irradiance",

author = "Shaahid, \{S. M.\} and Elhadidy, \{M. A.\}",

note = "Funding Information: This work is part of the KFUPM/RI internal Project no. 12011 supported by the Research Institute of the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. The authors acknowledge the support of the Research Institute. The authors are also very thankful to NREL for making available freely HOMER software for design of hybrid electric power systems. The authors extend special thanks to Dr. Tom Lambert for his time and effort in reviewing HOMER files and for his constructive/valuable comments. ",

year = "2008",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.013",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

pages = "488--503",

journal = "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews",

issn = "1364-0321",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for residential loads in hot regions-A step to clean future

AU - Shaahid, S. M.

AU - Elhadidy, M. A.

N1 - Funding Information: This work is part of the KFUPM/RI internal Project no. 12011 supported by the Research Institute of the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. The authors acknowledge the support of the Research Institute. The authors are also very thankful to NREL for making available freely HOMER software for design of hybrid electric power systems. The authors extend special thanks to Dr. Tom Lambert for his time and effort in reviewing HOMER files and for his constructive/valuable comments.

PY - 2008/2

Y1 - 2008/2

N2 - The growing concerns of global warming and depleting oil/gas reserves have made it inevitable to seek energy from renewable energy resources. Many nations are embarking on introduction of clean/renewable solar energy for displacement of oil-produced energy. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel hybrid power generation system technology is an emerging energy option since it promises great deal of challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) being enriched with higher level of solar radiation, is a prospective candidate for deployment of solar PV systems. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in K.S.A. consume about 10-45% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyze long-term solar radiation data of Dhahran (East-Coast, K.S.A.) to assess the techno-economic feasibility of utilizing hybrid PV-diesel-battery power systems to meet the load of a typical residential building (with annual electrical energy demand of 35,120 kWh). The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96 kwh/m2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software has been employed to carry out the present study. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 4 kWp PV system together with 10 kW diesel system and a battery storage of 3 h of autonomy (equivalent to 3 h of average load), the PV penetration is 22%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.179 $/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1$/l). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Concurrently, attention is focussed on un-met load, excess electricity generation, fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV-diesel without storage, PV-diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of different hybrid systems, cost of PV-diesel-battery systems, etc.

AB - The growing concerns of global warming and depleting oil/gas reserves have made it inevitable to seek energy from renewable energy resources. Many nations are embarking on introduction of clean/renewable solar energy for displacement of oil-produced energy. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel hybrid power generation system technology is an emerging energy option since it promises great deal of challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) being enriched with higher level of solar radiation, is a prospective candidate for deployment of solar PV systems. Literature indicates that commercial/residential buildings in K.S.A. consume about 10-45% of the total electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyze long-term solar radiation data of Dhahran (East-Coast, K.S.A.) to assess the techno-economic feasibility of utilizing hybrid PV-diesel-battery power systems to meet the load of a typical residential building (with annual electrical energy demand of 35,120 kWh). The monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96 kwh/m2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software has been employed to carry out the present study. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 4 kWp PV system together with 10 kW diesel system and a battery storage of 3 h of autonomy (equivalent to 3 h of average load), the PV penetration is 22%. The cost of generating energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.179 $/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1$/l). The study exhibits that for a given hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/battery penetration on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Concurrently, attention is focussed on un-met load, excess electricity generation, fuel savings and reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV-diesel without storage, PV-diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of different hybrid systems, cost of PV-diesel-battery systems, etc.

KW - Battery

KW - Carbon emissions

KW - Diesel generators

KW - PV modules

KW - Residential loads

KW - Solar irradiance

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U2 - 10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.013

DO - 10.1016/j.rser.2006.07.013

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:36649032931

SN - 1364-0321

VL - 12

SP - 488

EP - 503

JO - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

IS - 2

ER -

Economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for residential loads in hot regions-A step to clean future

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Cite this