Eco-friendly polymeric ferrite based on chitosan, starch, PANI, PVA, and alginate for targeted degradation of reactive Red-198 dye in wastewater treatment

Water body pollution lies between prime environmental threats the world falls ill with. Largest contributor driving the water pollution encompasses the textile industry, as the colors contained in the released effluent. Ni-CrZnFe₂O₄/Alginate, Zn-NiFe₂O₄/Starch, Co-NiZnFe₂O₄/Polyaniline, and Cr-ZnCoFe₂O₄/PVA are among the polymeric ferrite composites synthesized in this work. These polymeric ferrite composites removed the artificially reactive Red-198 dye from the aqueous medium. Many factors, including pH, composite dosage, contact interval, temperature, and starting dye concentration, were optimized for the maximum elimination. Nature of the sorption process was explored using variety of equilibrium representations, together with the Langmuir, Fruendlich, Temkin, and Harkin jura models. Kinetic models such as the Intraparticle Diffusion, pseudo-first order, and pseudo-second-order models were used to verify reaction rate and order. To ensure the feasibility of reaction, many thermodynamic features were inspected. The impact of different metals, surfactants, and electrolytes in wastewater was also considered. The effects of starting dye concentration, flow rate, and bed height were investigated for large-scale dye removal. Reactive dye desorption was studied using a variety of eluents to assess the reproducibility of the results.