Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique

Gaurav Kumar; Tushar Bansal

doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2588-1_40

Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique

Gaurav Kumar
, Tushar Bansal^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique has gained significant attention nowadays in monitoring the strength, corrosion and damage due to various loads in concrete structures. This study has proposed a novel method to investigate the early-age hydration of E-waste concrete using piezo sensor through EMI technique. The experiments were conducted on the E-waste concrete specimens and conventional concrete (CC) specimens, and EMI response were obtained during early-stage concrete hydration (ESCH). The resonance frequency, amplitude, and statistical parameters and temperature variation of E-waste concrete and CC during the ESCH through an EMI using an embedded piezoelectric sensor (EPS) were determined. Results revealed that the variation in resonance peak and amplitude of the conductance signature during ESCH is effectively captured by the EPS. The trend of growing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) index values followed a similar trend to the temperature variation. Hence, the proposed method for monitoring and assessing the ESCH of E-waste concrete offers several advantages of reliability, quantitative precision, robustness and real-time capability.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Recent Advances in Sustainable Construction Technology, Geotechnics and Structural Engineering - Select Proceedings of TRACE 2024
Editors	Sanjay Kumar Shukla, Bashar S. Mohammed, G.V. Ramana, R.K. Tomar, Priyanka Singh
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	505-514
Number of pages	10
ISBN (Print)	9789819525874
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-2588-1_40
State	Published - 2026
Externally published	Yes
Event	5th International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering, TRACE 2024 - Noida, India Duration: 14 Oct 2024 → 15 Oct 2024

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Volume	761 LNCE
ISSN (Print)	2366-2557
ISSN (Electronic)	2366-2565

Conference

Conference	5th International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering, TRACE 2024
Country/Territory	India
City	Noida
Period	14/10/24 → 15/10/24

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.

Keywords

E-Waste concrete
Early-Stage hydration
Early-stage concrete hydration
Electro-Mechanical Impedance technique (EMI)
PZT patch transducer
Piezo sensor

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Civil and Structural Engineering

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-95-2588-1_40

Cite this

Kumar, G., & Bansal, T. (2026). Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique. In S. Kumar Shukla, B. S. Mohammed, G. V. Ramana, R. K. Tomar, & P. Singh (Eds.), Recent Advances in Sustainable Construction Technology, Geotechnics and Structural Engineering - Select Proceedings of TRACE 2024 (pp. 505-514). (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering; Vol. 761 LNCE). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-2588-1_40

Kumar, Gaurav ; Bansal, Tushar. / Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique. Recent Advances in Sustainable Construction Technology, Geotechnics and Structural Engineering - Select Proceedings of TRACE 2024. editor / Sanjay Kumar Shukla ; Bashar S. Mohammed ; G.V. Ramana ; R.K. Tomar ; Priyanka Singh. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. pp. 505-514 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering).

@inproceedings{ec4241eb9b05411c889c746a91e42187,

title = "Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique",

abstract = "The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique has gained significant attention nowadays in monitoring the strength, corrosion and damage due to various loads in concrete structures. This study has proposed a novel method to investigate the early-age hydration of E-waste concrete using piezo sensor through EMI technique. The experiments were conducted on the E-waste concrete specimens and conventional concrete (CC) specimens, and EMI response were obtained during early-stage concrete hydration (ESCH). The resonance frequency, amplitude, and statistical parameters and temperature variation of E-waste concrete and CC during the ESCH through an EMI using an embedded piezoelectric sensor (EPS) were determined. Results revealed that the variation in resonance peak and amplitude of the conductance signature during ESCH is effectively captured by the EPS. The trend of growing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) index values followed a similar trend to the temperature variation. Hence, the proposed method for monitoring and assessing the ESCH of E-waste concrete offers several advantages of reliability, quantitative precision, robustness and real-time capability.",

keywords = "E-Waste concrete, Early-Stage hydration, Early-stage concrete hydration, Electro-Mechanical Impedance technique (EMI), PZT patch transducer, Piezo sensor",

author = "Gaurav Kumar and Tushar Bansal",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.; 5th International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering, TRACE 2024 ; Conference date: 14-10-2024 Through 15-10-2024",

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Kumar, G & Bansal, T 2026, Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique. in S Kumar Shukla, BS Mohammed, GV Ramana, RK Tomar & P Singh (eds), Recent Advances in Sustainable Construction Technology, Geotechnics and Structural Engineering - Select Proceedings of TRACE 2024. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol. 761 LNCE, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 505-514, 5th International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering, TRACE 2024, Noida, India, 14/10/24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-2588-1_40

Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique. / Kumar, Gaurav; Bansal, Tushar.
Recent Advances in Sustainable Construction Technology, Geotechnics and Structural Engineering - Select Proceedings of TRACE 2024. ed. / Sanjay Kumar Shukla; Bashar S. Mohammed; G.V. Ramana; R.K. Tomar; Priyanka Singh. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026. p. 505-514 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering; Vol. 761 LNCE).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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T1 - Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique

AU - Kumar, Gaurav

AU - Bansal, Tushar

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026.

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique has gained significant attention nowadays in monitoring the strength, corrosion and damage due to various loads in concrete structures. This study has proposed a novel method to investigate the early-age hydration of E-waste concrete using piezo sensor through EMI technique. The experiments were conducted on the E-waste concrete specimens and conventional concrete (CC) specimens, and EMI response were obtained during early-stage concrete hydration (ESCH). The resonance frequency, amplitude, and statistical parameters and temperature variation of E-waste concrete and CC during the ESCH through an EMI using an embedded piezoelectric sensor (EPS) were determined. Results revealed that the variation in resonance peak and amplitude of the conductance signature during ESCH is effectively captured by the EPS. The trend of growing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) index values followed a similar trend to the temperature variation. Hence, the proposed method for monitoring and assessing the ESCH of E-waste concrete offers several advantages of reliability, quantitative precision, robustness and real-time capability.

AB - The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique has gained significant attention nowadays in monitoring the strength, corrosion and damage due to various loads in concrete structures. This study has proposed a novel method to investigate the early-age hydration of E-waste concrete using piezo sensor through EMI technique. The experiments were conducted on the E-waste concrete specimens and conventional concrete (CC) specimens, and EMI response were obtained during early-stage concrete hydration (ESCH). The resonance frequency, amplitude, and statistical parameters and temperature variation of E-waste concrete and CC during the ESCH through an EMI using an embedded piezoelectric sensor (EPS) were determined. Results revealed that the variation in resonance peak and amplitude of the conductance signature during ESCH is effectively captured by the EPS. The trend of growing the root mean square deviation (RMSD) index values followed a similar trend to the temperature variation. Hence, the proposed method for monitoring and assessing the ESCH of E-waste concrete offers several advantages of reliability, quantitative precision, robustness and real-time capability.

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Kumar G, Bansal T. Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique. In Kumar Shukla S, Mohammed BS, Ramana GV, Tomar RK, Singh P, editors, Recent Advances in Sustainable Construction Technology, Geotechnics and Structural Engineering - Select Proceedings of TRACE 2024. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2026. p. 505-514. (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-981-95-2588-1_40

Early-Stage Hydration Monitoring of E-Waste Concrete Using Piezo Sensor and EMI Technique

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Cite this