Dynamic impacts of economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agriculture, and forests on carbon emissions in Turkey

The present study examined the dynamic effects of economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agricultural productivity, and forest area in Turkey to accomplish environmental sustainability by lowering carbon dioxide emissions. The Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares method was used to analyze time series data from 1990 to 2020. The results disclosed that a 1% rise in economic growth, urbanization, industrialization, and tourism will raise carbon dioxide emissions by 0.39%, 1.22%, 0.24%, and 0.02% in Turkey, respectively. Furthermore, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption, agricultural productivity, and forest area might result in reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of 0.43%, 0.12%, and 3.17%, respectively. This article made policy recommendations on low-carbon economies, renewable energy use, sustainable urbanization, green industrialization, eco-friendly tourism, climate-smart agriculture, and sustainable forest management, all of which could help to accomplish environmental sustainability by lowering emissions. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]