Dynamic approaches to enhance the performance of vibration-based harvesters: review of recent progress

Research into sustainable energy sources has gained significant attention due to global environmental challenges. Vibration energy harvesting (VEH) presents a promising approach for developing self-powered sensors, offering both practical and environmental benefits. This paper reviews recent advancements in VEH with a specific focus on piezoelectric-based methods. It classifies the key techniques in the literature into categories such as multistability (including bistability), internal resonance, optimized designs, and frequency-up conversion. The paper discusses the underlying principles of each technique, provides relevant illustrations, highlights recent studies within each category, and summarizes their main contributions.