Distributed Two Stage Hierarchical MPC Interactive Virtual Synchronous Generator Approach for Voltage and Frequency Stability of Microgrid

The electrification of marine transportation system has resulted in evolution of shipboard grids with mobility characteristics as a mobile microgrid (MbμG). As renewable resources (RRs) become increasingly a part of MbμG, its system becomes prone to disturbances and instability due to low damping coefficients and inertia. This paper examines the simultaneous frequency and voltage control problem of MbμG comprised of renewable wind and energy storage units (ESUs) based virtual synchronous generator (VSG) support. A novel two-stage model predictive controller (TSMPC), amalgamation of standard and auxiliary MPCs, tuned by a novel quasi-oppositional marine predator technique (QOMPT) is proposed to ensure the effective control action of VSGs for high damping of frequency and voltage oscillations. The proposed control approach provides the ability to deal with the outside disturbances uncertainties by coordinated state of charge control of ESU based VSG. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated through extensive comparative studies followed by stability analysis. Simulations are performed to assess the merits of the proposed TSMPC strategy over traditional MPC, tilt-integral derivative, digital PID, fractional PDNFID, quantitative feedback theory and distributed MPC controllers. Finally, the impact of the communication time delay under different communication technologies is evaluated and validated using a real-time simulator OPAL-RT 5700.