Development and characterization of SA/PEG hydrogel membranes with Ag/ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced wound dressing

In the field of wound dressings, hydrogels have become essential due to their biocompatibility and moisture-retention properties. Nevertheless, challenges persist, notably in terms of mechanical strength and antibacterial effectiveness. In this study, we synthesized and characterized polymeric wound dressings comprising sodium alginate and polyethylene glycol, cross-linked using calcium chloride. We incorporated silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles to enhance antibacterial properties. The hydrogels were prepared through solution casting and subjected to comprehensive characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XRD revealed a distinct face-centered structure. SEM analysis revealed phase separation and uniform nanoparticle dispersion, and TGA indicated improved thermal stability. The hydrogel exhibited exceptional tensile strength (30.8 MPa), low cytotoxicity (SAPEG/0.01Ag/0.02ZnO), and increased hydrophilicity (contact angle: 27.5°–15.6°) post-nanoparticle addition. Significant antibacterial activity (largest zone of inhibition: 27.25 mm for SA/PEG/0.01Ag/0.02ZnO) aligns these hydrogel membranes with characteristics vital for wound healing applications, making them promising for advanced wound dressings.