Design and Validation of Adaptive Barrier Function Sliding Mode Controller for a Novel Multisource Hybrid Energy Storage System Based Electric Vehicle

Conventional vehicles emit many pollutants and natural gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which reduce air quality and global warming. Due to their extensive consumption, another driving force behind the search for alternatives is the fast depletion of fossil fuels, oil, and natural gas. Consequently, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have recently been the subject of substantial research to tackle the dual problems of harmful emissions and resource depletion. This research attempts to develop a novel barrier function-based adaptive sliding mode controller (BFASMC) for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) of electric Vehicle (EV). The HESS comprises a fuel cell (FC), battery, supercapacitor (SC), and photovoltaic (PV). The FC serves as a primary source, while the others are auxiliary sources. DC converters are employed to couple these sources to a DC bus. The proposed BFASMC stabilizes and regulates the DC bus voltage. The system's global stability has been assured through Lyapunov criteria and verified through phase plane (error and error differential) analysis. The proposed controller is compared with conventional sliding mode controller (SMC), integral SMC (ISMC), and double integral SMC (DISMC). The simulation (MATLAB/Simulink) and hardware in loop results (dSPACE MicroLabBox RTI1202) authenticate robustness, efficacy, resilience, chattering free operation, and superiority of proposed BFASMC compared with conventional SMC variants.